The Research Of National Government's Military Industry

Chinese modern military industry had gone through a tortuous way of development .Since 1861, with the beginning of An-qing arsenal had been set up by the Qing court, some far-sighted chancellor in Qing governtment decided to develop military industry, the Westernization Group set up lots of arsenals,such as Jiangnan Manufacturing Office, Hanyang arsenal and other large-scale military enterprises. However, because of various reasons,until the National government had been set up, there is no establishment of a unified plan and development of the national military production system. Since the National government was set up in 1927, China's military industry had been gradually moving towards a rapid development track, in 1928 after the establishment of Weapons manufacture bureau, it committed to national unity and arsenal modernization. Since Mukden Incident happened in 1931,Sino-Japanese strategic is increasingly clearly, the leaders of two countrys all awared of the upcoming war. Between the two countries even though there were some Negotiations in the diplomatic field, but privately both sides actively prepared for war. At the field of military industry, the government carried out a lot of effort, not only the positive integration of the existing arsenal resources, but also vigorously the introduction of Germany's technology, purchasing a large quantity of advanced equipment, carryying out the plan of upgrading of the existing arsenal, it had made great progress. Before Anti-Japanese War, most China's major arsenals had achieved in following the blueprint to produce, changing the way of copy the original Model,the manufacture developped by leaps and bounds. By the efforts of central government and coordination of local forces, before the war, the unification of the country's military-industrial management and planning had been basicly finished,laying a solid foundation for anti-japan war.Between the Anti-Japanese War, the National Government moved the Military Industry to the southwest region. In the process of migration, the administration carryied on the major adjustment to achieve production specialization, which greatly improved production efficiency, had formed Chongqing military base as the center of rear, giving the support to Anti-Japanese war,and providing a more stable military production capacity.Between Anti-Japanese War, Chinese Foreign aid had been gradually cut off, imports of the rear become more difficult, particularly the military industry which heavily depended on foreign raw materials and technical equipment was facing great challenge. However,the managers and staff, searching for alternative products,carrying on technical innovation. In extreme difficult circumstances it not only had reducefd output, but achieved production increasement and technolog advancement, making a significant contribution to the Anti-Japanese War.Between the second civil war, the government adjusted its own military industry at a certain extent, and actively coordinated to the United States military-industrial development model. From the later history expience such efforts of adjustment was not a good method. Even though the National government controlled of almost all of the arsenal with modern equipment, but it couldn't give the KMT military arms adequate weapons, and not be able to set up absolute advantage. Although the Weapons manufacture bureau imitated lots of American advanced weapons, but it couldn't guarantee the army's weapons and ammunition needs. The production structure also had some problems, it produced a larger number of guns, but the shells and gunpowder production was short, which cause the result of"guns without shells".KMT amry's firepower was not better than its rivals, the Chinese Communists. National Government's military industries was vanity when it's planned.Before the Government downfall, it couldn't solved the problem of self-produced raw materials , and could not form a complete system of production systems, which was an important reason for it's failure.It should be noted that the National Government on the management system at the military industry carried out a series of adjustments. Setting up a cost accounting system and modern management system, improving the efficiency of military production at a great extent. In particular, the emergence of systematic, comprehensive training system for military enterprises provided a good platform for growth of technical personnel. Welfare system stimulate the enthusiasm of staff, which laid a good foundation for the military industry.