| Guided by scientific concept of development,this thesis,focusing on integrated development of both Chongqing city and rural areas,tracked the driving effect of city on rural areas,systematically reviewed the theories of Harmonious Development of City and Rural Areas,Dual Economy,Regional Unbalanced Development,etc,then defined research category and basic points,explained the connotation,targets,and conditions of city development driving effect on rural areas.With historical analysis and quantitative inspection,it proved the performance,and revealed the influencing factors and working mechanism of such driving effect,and then concluded the pattern,route,conditions, system innovation,and some practical policy proposals.â… .Contents:Research of this thesis focused on below:(1) Definition and performance evaluation procedure Based on the development correlations between city and rural area,starting from basic concepts,this thesis established the connotation,target,contents,conditions,and performance evaluation procedure,and also the theoretical analysis frame of city development driving effect on rural area.(2) Performance evaluation and tentative probe into problems For the city development driving effect on rural area,according to its systematical characteristics,performance evaluation index system was built,and Principal Component Analysis,analytic hierarchy process, entropy method were employed to evaluate its economic performance,social performance,and ecological performance..Then Grey Relation Analysis was applied for comprehensive performance evaluation so to reveal existing problems.(3) Causes analysis of existing problems The problems focused on income disparity between urban and rural areas.This thesis tracked down evolvement and characteristics of income disparity between urban and rural areas in Chongqing,analyzed income disparity causes from production,circulation,distribution,and consumption of social reproduction,and causes from the system.With statistical data of Chongqing from 1997 to 2008,Normalized Cross Correlation and Granger Causal Relation Test were used to test individually those influencing factors,and then Partial Least Squares Method were used to estimate the importance of each influencing factors,so to identify the main influencing factors.(4) "Networks" pattern and implementation mechanism Based on the probe into the China domestic city development driving effect on rural areas,this thesis concluded the inner demand for city development driving rural area development,considering current situation and character of Chongqing urban and rural areas social economic development,and put forward that Chongqing city development driving on rural area development needs to go "Networks" pattern,whose supporting conditions and implementation mechanisms were also analyzed.(5) Route choice and supporting conditions Based on theoretical and empirical research, according to Chongqing current status and inner demand for "Networks" pattern,this thesis studied main routes,construction content and supporting conditions.(6) Systematical innovation Based on want of system,lack of innovation and their causes in Chongqing city development driving on rural areas' development,this thesis put forward innovation on key systems,and construction of institutional supporting system.â…¡.Conclusions(1) Profound theoretical connotation As a preferential policy from government,city development driving on rural areas development is actually a two-way interaction involving many important issues.It should activate government's guidance.Its target is to facilitate dual economy transformation to monistic economy,fairness in rights of economic,politic,and social construction, balanced public services,same living quality,and integrated development between urban and rural areas.It includes unified development plan,infrastructure connection,industry interaction,fair employment,balanced social venture.Unified institutional system,proper industry structure,effective economic working-- market system and planned adjustment must be employed.The ultimate mission is to realize integration of urban and rural areas.(2) Obscure performance and increasing gap Though Chongqing city development driving effect on rural areas kept growing,the general performance was still away from satisfaction, and no fundamental change.The conflict was still there and obvious,and income gap between urban and rural residents kept increasing.(3) Obstruction on building a moderately prosperous society in all respects Poor performance in city development driving on rural areas led to that rural areas development was far away lagged behind urban areas,which obstruct Chongqing from building a moderately prosperous society in all respects.Firstly it hindered structure adjustment of rural economy,thus hindered integral industry optimization of urban and rural industries.Secondly it hindered specialization, commercialization,and modernization of agriculture;Thirdly it blocked rural redundant labor migration,impeded labor productivity,and restricted income growth.Fourthly,it led to lack of financial support on ecological environment protection,thus seriously affected sustainable development of rural areas.(4) Multi-factors interaction caused the poor performance of city driving on rural areas development Firstly,the urbanization mode of rural area restricted rural economy development.Redundant labor force and production factors were shifted from rural to urban area,then no resource to support industries in rural area,which led to poor development of rural economy, especially with decreasing quality and quantity of farmlands.Secondly,agriculture's self accumulation was weakened by deliberately maintaining low price of agricultural products.Thirdly,rural capital shortage could not provide material basis for modern agriculture.Fourthly,most employment focusing in agriculture,together with the low education of labor force,baffled the economic structure adjust in rural area.Fifthly,low efficiency in rural production accelerated more production factors leaving for urban area.Sixthly,unfair financial allocation policy added on the gap of urban and rural area development.(5) Necessity of "Networks" driving mode "Networks" driving mode refers to that, with combination of effective economic working-- market system and planned adjustment from government,city system radiation was employed to activate rural system,and to build a correlated system of urban and rural economic activity,which worked like networks to allocate resource,capital, technology,information,and industries between urban and rural areas,so to improve urban and rural areas structure and performance,and balance their benefits,achieve fairness in public services and social security,and realize sustainable development.The supporting conditions of "Networks" driving mode include:unifying urban and rural development planning to form networks development, strengthening infrastructure construction to improve networks service requirement,establishing harmonious urban system to build urban networks based on industrialization,improving large and medium size cities' comprehensive strength to increase networks radiation,speeding towns construction to reinforce networks,encouraging conglomeration of enterprises,cultivating rural market. "Networks" driving mode's power mechanism comes from combination of below five powers: radiation of urban development,acceleration from modern agriculture development,public correlation from infrastructure,guidance from government planned adjustment,and system innovation of unifying urban and rural areas development.(6) Necessity of effective guidance route Routes of city development driving on rural area includes:Firstly,to develop correlation industries of urban and rural areas.Secondly,to transfer rural redundant labor force by increasing employment capacity and increasing support on employment and residence.Thirdly,to develop modern agriculture by increasing input and support in agriculture, strengthening innovation system construction of agricultural technology,facilitating agriculture structure adjustment,innovating agriculture operating organization,coaching new peasants to increase comprehensive competiveness of agriculture,and improving socialized service system to support modern agriculture development.(7) Necessity of establishing unified institutional supporting system of urban and rural area In Chongqing,separate system of urban and rural areas was the exact difficulty origin of city development driving rural area.For city development driving on rural development, Institutional support system focused on facilitating innovation of relative systems(rural land system, employment management system,finance assisting agriculture system,public service system,social security system,rural finance system,etc),building new institutional routes,so to realize two way flow of resource between urban and rural areas,and achieve harmonious development.â…¢.policy proposal(1) Comprehensively intensify corresponding reforms,and provide an institutional guarantee for urban driving rural development Firstly,to reform the financial institution requires a larger section of public finance to be put in rural development,secondly,the reform in land property lies in completing rural land convertion regulations.Thirdly,in terms of employment system, urbanization of rural labors working in urban areas should be expidiated.Fourthly,social security institutional reform should focus on the construction of institutional guarantee for rural citizens to share equal accomplishments from the development.Fifthly,to deepen the rural financial system reform necessiates the promotion of finances serving the three key issues in rural development.Sixthly,in the aspect of population management institutions,obstacles in the urbanization of rural citizens should be eliminated.(2) Build up optimium urban-rural network,and pave the way for "network driving mode" of development Firstly,to scientifically develop urban and rural planning,and construct urban and rural network development pattern,secondly,to strengthen rural infrastructure and improve urban and rural network operation capabilities.Thirdly,toestablish an industrialization-based urban-rural network,and to set up a system consisting of large cities,medium-sized cities,toptownship models,and village centers.Fourthly,to maintain the project of "top township models",to quicken the construction of small model towns,and to increase the density of urban and rural networks.Fifthly, to continue the program of "one million industrialized projects",to encourage conglomeracy of businesses and to speed up the industries networking process.Sixthly,to establish labor,land,capital and other factor markets and product trading and distribution markets unified for both urban and rural areas.(3) Develop associate industries,and promote the economic interaction between urban and rural areas Firstly,agricultural specialties:focus on developing citrus industry,animal husbandry,Chinese herbal medicine planting,bamboo and pepper industries,and on improving products varieties,planting techniques,and area expansion.Secondly,deep processing of agricultural products:food processing focuses on the citrus,meat,mustard and konjac industries.Thirdly,tourism: pay more attention to the building of tourist facilities,regulate the tourism market order and improve service quality;and actively produce characteristic tourism appeals such as the Three Gorges,Dazu Rock Carvings,Wujiang Gallery.Fourthly,accommodation and catering industry:build a multi-level, multi-class,and multi-functional accommodation and catering systems via specialized brands, characters and scales,establislh a distinctive food culture and prompt innovations in dish varieties. Fifthly,transportation:strive to construct a main transportation skeleton and hub nodes,connecting rural and remote areas,to establish a transportation infrastructure network with reasonable structure, appropriate scale and comprehensive functions,and to form an integrated urban-rural transport system, well-structured,smooth,safe and highly efficient.Sixthly,power industry:need a substantial increase in installed capacity of electricity,intensify the reconstruction of rural power grids and gradually improve the urban and rural transmission and distribution of power grids.Seventhly,financial and insurance sector:promote market-oriented innovation in financial mechanisms;develop financial products of high comparativity;build a dynamic multi-level,multi-type,and multi-dimension modern financial institution system;increase financial support for rural policy efforts;expand the scope of financial services in rural areas.(4) Enhance the overall quality of the rural citizens and accelerate the transfer of rural surplus labor force Firstly,improve the quality of basic education in rural areas. Secondly,implement secondary vocational education,and enhance the employability of the rural labor force.Thirdly,enhance practical skills training and non-agricultural skills training,assist farmers to develop modern agriculture or non-agricultural employment capacity.Fourthly,elevate rural public health services.Fifthly,strengthen the building of a unified labor market,adhere to the implementation of "one million rural labor force displacement" project,and vigorously promote the transfer of rural surplus labor.Sixthly,perform conscientious services for migrant workers in their children's education, health care,and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.(5) Aggrandize policy support for agricultural development and promote the transformation from traditional to modern agriculture Firstly,ajustify the allocation pattern of national income among the workers and rural labors,augment all levels of government capacity of using fiscal measures to support agriculture.Increase the total amount of governmental capital investment in agriculture,particularly in the three key rural issues.Secondly,highlight the focuses of the financial support for agriculture:infrastructure construction,agricultural science and technology research and distribution,farmers cooperative economic organization,market information services and other agricultural service system,agricultural products processing and distribution,and rural talents development.Thirdly,expand the state subsidy system in agriculture and farmers.Enlarge the scope of subsidies:in purchase of farm machinery and facilities,directly in incomes,in agricultural insurance,in natural disasters and in agricultural products market risk.Fourthly,fortify laws and regulations for the state support and capital investment in agriculture.Establish forceful and operational legal provisions to ensure and protect the implementation of supporting policies and measures.Fifthly,develop and implement financial policies favoring agricultural and rural development.Give full play to Agricultural Development Bank and other policy banks and provide low interest rate or discount policy to guide commercial banks to fund for agriculture.Sixthly,transform traditional agriculture.Create favorable conditions in supply and demand aspects for the introduction of modern production factors.Bring in capital,modern agricultural technology and equipment,agricultural science and technology,modern management models and other new forms of production factors to transform traditional agriculture. Develop modern agriculture,promote agricultural irrigation level and informationalization process,and maximize land productivity,resource utilization and agricultural labor productivity.(6)Maintain ecological safety and realize the harmonious development between man and nature Being an important ecological barrier and water conservation in the Yangtze River,the ecological safety of Three Gorges reservoir area impacts Chongqing city and the whole Yangtze River basin.Therefore the maintenance of ecological security of the area is of primary significance.Firstly,it is necessary to reduce and displace the population around the reservoir and thus to lessen the human pressure on nature.Secondly,pollutional economic entities in the interior or peripheral areas of the reservoir should be disposed.Thirdly,primarily incubate environment-friendly urban-rural associated industries to lay the economic foundation for urban and rural environment.Fourthly,organize urban scientific and technological strength to promote innovation and application for environmental protection;and vigorously develop circular economy.Fifth,the government should improve the system of environmental protection system in order to provide institutional guarantee for ecological protection, to consolidate independence of the urban and rural environmental protection task,and to strengthen supervision force in environmental pollution and ecological damages.â…£.Innovative viewpoints(1) Based on the PSR theory,and combined with the features of the urban--rural development, this paper creates an indicator system for the performance evaluation of the mode.(2) Principal Component Analysis,analytic hierarchy process,entropy method,Grey Relation Analysis were employed to evaluate its economic performance,social performance,ecological performance,and comprehensive performance so to reveal existing problems.(3) Applying such analytical methods as Normalized Cross Correlation,Granger Causal Relation Test,and Partial Least Squares Method,it has analyzed income disparity causes from production, circulation,distribution,and consumption of social reproduction,and causes from the system.(4) Propose a "network" driving mode in line with urban-driving-rural development in Chongqing.â…¤.further researchDue to the limitations in rescource,time and research capacity,there is still much room left to be improved in this research project.Urban-driving-rural development mode is a systematic and comprehensive project involving economic,social,ecological,cultural and some other aspects. However,this study evaluates the development mode in Chongqing City only from economic,social and ecological perspectives,which might result in the inaccuracy and incomprehensiveness to some degree;the driving mode necessitates systematic institutional innovations,yet this program only focuses on the innovation regarding the three kernel issues in rural area.In order to eliminate these limitations,the author is dedicated to making further in-depth and meticulous study.
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