Study On Public Finance System About Basic Public Services Equalization Between Urban And Rural Areas

With the economic development in China having entered a new historical period, the contradictions between the rapid growth of comprehensive public demands and the shortage of basic public services have become increasingly apparent, among which the issue of the inequality reflected in public services between the urban and rural is especially more prominent. As for this serious phenomenon, to realize the equalization of the basic services has been put forward frequently by the administration. There have great theoretical importance and practical significance if the aim of equalizing public services can be come true at present and its being realized is greatly needed by narrowing the developing gap, alleviating social contradictions, and by the important institutional arrangements for remedying market failures as well. Therefore, the study about such a meaningful issue is not only beneficial for deeply understanding the connotation, the target and the content of the equalization, but also necessary for useful and practical policies and suggestions.Urban-rural equalization of basic public services (BPS below) is, essentially, the problem of constructing the public finance system. Financial regulations of how to promote BPS are investigated with great specialties. In this dissertation, relevant conceptions about the equalization are defined, and theories about public goods, public finance system and a number theoretical literatures about the ideological foundation are sorted out systematically; moreover, in combination with the reality, the standard and the criterion of BPS are reasoned and detailed comparisons about the BPS between these two areas in present China are illustrated as well; besides, from the perspective of finance, the factors leading to the disparity of BPS are shown on the basis of the analyzing the interrelation and interactions between public finance regulations and public services, and the fiscal reform proposal about the Urban-rural equalization of BPS are put forward on the basis of related experiences in foreign countries.The dissertation is divided into eight chapters. The first one is the introduction in which the background and significance of the research, dynamic studies both in China and overseas, researching frame and thought, the difficulties and innovations are elaborately demonstrated; and some relevant concepts are also defined. In the second chapter, the theoretical foundation of the whole dissertation, theories including the equalization, the connotations about the public finance, public products and welfare economics, financial JunFu theory, fairness and justice theory are introduced and interpreted in detail. And in the third chapter, the writer describes standard problems of the equalization containing its necessity and feasibility, and existing issues, thereby proposing criterion to establish standards of BPS in two areas and pertinent index system is designed initially in the end of this chapter as well. The current unequal situation about BPS between the city and the countryside are analyzed in the Fourth chapter. Based on large amount of datum, several aspects such as elementary education, fundamental healthy and medical treatment, social security, infrastructure construction are analyzed with adequate examples and models. The conclusion gained from the exploration above is the gap reflected by BPS supplies is so enormous that the equaling must be realized as soon as possible. In the fifth chapter, the relationship between public finance system and the equalization of BPS is analyzed and explained from the theoretical perspective, as for this reason, this chapter can be viewed as the theoretical frame which provides the theoretical basis for the following analysis. The main content of the sixth chapter is discussing reasons which contribute to the non-equalization taken place in BPS in the city and the countryside, including the binary finance structure, imperfection in finance system, unreasonableness in transferring payment system and inadequacy of county-leveled finance ability. The aim of the seventh chapter is to introduce practical measures from oversea developed countries, from which actions suitable in China can be explored and rational thoughts put into practice. In the eighth chapter, policies and suggestions about how to promote the equalization in basic public services are offered.The research focus and difficulties are reflected in three aspects. The first one is the urban-rural comparison in BPS, including the phenomena the gap between urban and rural areas reflects, how large the gap is, the answering those problems must rely on a large number of datum. The Second difficulty is the establishment of equaling standards, the contents of which are how to measure whether BPS is equalized or not, how to set the equalization and whether it can be realized. The third is the mechanism of the interaction between the equalization of BPS and the financial system, and such a theory which has not been completely discussed so far is the theoretical framework of this dissertation.The innovation in this article can be demonstrated in four points. Firstly, the writer devotes specific researches to urban-rural equalization of BPS, examines the present situation of BPS appearing as being unequal, analyzes the fiscal reasons and puts forward the corresponding recommendations. The study is of great significance in achieving the Urban and rural co-ordination. Secondly, the writer clearly promotes that the financial regulations utilized in the urban-rural equalization of BPS should be studied. At present, there have been a great many investigations about urban-rural BPS, including the analyses of the conceptions, present situation and reasons, and several measures have been pointed out; however, researches regarding the research mechanism and the countermeasure still have not been intensively focused on, by which t the breakthrough point and the innovation spot of the dissertation are formed. Thirdly, the writer attempts to propose the evaluation and indicator system of the equalization of BPS. In the dissertation, in order to get an easy access to the urban-rural disparity, the equaling standard are pointed out, which also can enable the administration to evaluate the effects from the financial system construction in the equalization of BPS. Lastly, this article discusses the fiscal regulations applied for promoting the equalization of BPS with systematic and detailed elaborations, including establishing the financial system corresponding to the financial resource and the executive power, perfecting the transferring payment system to strengthen the function of BPS, correcting local finance system to enhance the supplying ability of county-leveled governments and enlarging the financial investment in BPS in the countryside.The dissertation lays particular emphasis on the positive research under the guidance of normal analyses, and it insists on analyzing problems by using the historic and logical methods, combining the qualitative analyses and the quantitative analyses, total analyses and structural analyses, individual and general, and makes full use of the auxiliary tools such as graphs and tables.