Fiscal Policy Research For Promoting Equal Access To Public Services In Urban And Rural Areas

In2011our country into the Twelfth " five years plan ", in the "Twelfth Five-Year PlanOutline" particularly stressed the need to " optimize the structure, promoting coordinatedregional development and urbanization healthy development "," improve the livelihood of thepeople, establish and improve the system of basic public services ". Eighteen big report alsopointed out that "to balance urban and rural development " the overall implementation of theequalization of basic public services ". At present, the government is difficult to meet thepeople’s demand for basic public services in the growing, and urban and rural residents toenjoy the level of basic public services and a larger gap, which is not conducive to theconstruction of harmonious society in China, we can not reflect the socialist society withChinese characteristics, the inherent requirement of justice. In order to better implement the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan Outline " and implement the eighteen spirit, this paper selects " howto implement the policy of " equalization of the basic public service as the theme. Therefore,it has important theoretical and practical significance to promote the fiscal policy ofequalization of the basic public service.This paper adopts literature research and comparative analysis. The first chapter is theintroduction part, first expounded the purpose and significance of the research, and thenstudy the equalization of basic public services at home and abroad were analyzed, and thenbriefly introduces the writing process and the structure of this paper, finally puts forward thisresearch method and possible innovations. The second chapter the connotation of publicservices, basic public service, equalization of the basic public service is defined, and the threeaspects of theory, and from urban and rural relationship in the new public service theory,harmonious society theory of justice based on the theory of this paper analyzed therelationship between urban and rural areas, the theory has two aspects including therelationship between urban and rural areas of Mao Zedong thought the urban-rural relationstheory and the theoretical system of socialism theory. The third chapter analyzes the gapbetween urban and rural basic public services. The detailed comparative analysis from threeaspects of compulsory education, healthy care and social security. Next, in the fourth chapterof this article mainly according to the big gap between China’s urban and rural areas in basic public services to analyze the cause reason of unbalanced development of urban-rural basicpublic services, generally include the following: one is the two element structure. The twoelement of urban and rural structure would be in two yuan of the household registrationsystem, different household register will enjoy basic public services by the different treatment,also widened the gap between urban and rural areas. Two, governments at all levels in thedivision of responsibilities is not clear. The Chinese government is divided into central,provincial, city, county, Township five level, management level and complex causesresponsibilities overlapping functions, also can appear the situation of lack of, this is notconducive to the balanced development of urban and rural. Three, property rights and thegovernance government base mismatch. After the reform of the tax system, to concentratefinancial resources to the superior administrative decentralization, appeared phenomenon, thiswould lead to the local government does not have sufficient capacity to provide publicservices. Four, the transfer payment system is not perfect. The current transfer paymentsystem of China has defects in the design, the main is not clear, the target structure is notreasonable, can not effectively play the role of balanced regional financial. At the same time,China’s transfer payment is the lack of specific laws and regulations to strengthen its role, toensure its implementation. Five, in the countryside basic public service supply system is notperfect. The development of rural economy is relatively backward, the government financialindustry Co., the government alone to meet the demands of rural residents for basic publicservice is not enough. At the end of the article, is the core of the whole thesis,--to promotethe equalization of the basic public service policy suggestions through the research result isfinally obtained. First of all, to two yuan structure to break the urban and rural public servicesystem, establish a unified urban and rural. Such as the establishment of a unified urban andrural compulsory education mechanism, the coordinated development of urban and ruralmedical and health services and improve the urban and rural social security system. Secondly,improve the functions of government structure, phase matching set of powers and propertymanagement system. Through reasonable division at all levels of government financialauthority and powers, to streamline the government levels and financial appropriatedelegation of three. Thirdly, to improve the transfer payment system of our country. Thecorrection of defects in design, the establishment of the fiscal transfer payment law " special " to ensure the transfer payment system implementation. Finally, to improve the basic publicservices in rural areas through the innovation of the main body of rural basic public servicesupply and strengthen the farmers to participate in the supply system, supply system.This paper comes to: To promote the equalization of the basic public service to breaktwo yuan structure, the establishment of public service system unified; Improve the functionsof the government, establish the powers to match the management system; Improve thesystem of transfer payments; The supply of basic public services in rural areas rich subject, toestablish a diversified supply system.