Multi-scale Allocation Of Land Resources

With the rapid economic development in China, Urbanization has become an irreversible trend of social development. In this process, people's requirement of land use space and land products is also growing, the increasingly intensified contradiction between people and land led to many social, economic and environmental issues, and may result in the disappearance or fragmentation of habitat, the reduction in biodiversity as well as the weakening of ecosystem services. How to respond to these ecological problems and integrate them into policy, planning and project decision-making process has become a hot spot of research. Therefore, this paper dealt with multi-scale optimal allocation of land resources under consideration of influencing factors with various scale land use pattern, taking representative blocks of Yubei district, Longxing town and Heyan village etc. for example. This study would enrich and improve land quality assessment system by anatomizing similarities and differences of multi-scale land quality in hilly-land regions. The research will improve the system of land use optimization in the context of rural and urban development.1. Land resources disposition at county scaleThis research makes the township of Yubei district in Chongqing as basic zoning units to establish co-ordinate developing land use main function zoning. First of all, we construct the index system according to certain principles, and the index data derive from "Chongqing Statistical Yearbook", "Yubei Statistical Yearbook" and "Chongqing Statistical Yearbook of Land and Resources". Then, we handle and select the indicator by principal component analysis. Finally we use cluster analysis for land use main function zoning in Yubei district.(1) The principal component analysis can scientifically and reasonably refine zoning index. This study selected 15 primary indicators from economic development, social progress and environmental Protection which is to deal with dimension-reduction treatment by principal component analysis, So we can get less comprehensive index to replace the original variable indicator which is a few more. Therefore, we chose 9 indicators such as "the Financial revenue", "the per unit area yield of grain" and "forest area" to constitute the comprehensive evaluation system of main function zoning at county scale. These indicators not only reflect the representativeness and accuracy of the land use original information, but also effectively reduce the workload and improve the zoning precision.(2) The comparison of results from K-means cluster and hierarchical cluster as well as the verification of Single factor ANOVA analysis and discriminant analysis make the zoning results more accurate. We constitute 19×19 fuzzy similar matrix based 9 selected indicators to use K-means cluster and hierarchical cluster by different criterion. We found the zoning results from each method were similar except the Muer town. In the one-tailed ANOVA analysis table only the index "rural per capita net income" had the highest F value and the classification accuracy of Cross-validation samples is 88.9% in discriminant analysis which show the classification results is ideal. Based on the above analysis, we divided Yubei district into four main functional areas which resulted from considering continuity of position of functional units and consulting natural conditions in Yubei district.2. Land resources disposition at town scaleWe quantify the zoning plan to explore Longxing town in satisfying the boundary constraint and spatial continuity constraint conditions. First of all, we set up a mathematical model for the problem of land use zoning. Then we wrote C++ program to solve the optimization model by implementing SA on the platform of ArcGIS. On the one hand we evaluated the model's ecological effects from the results of virtual scene; On the other hand we carried out optimization of land use zoning on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of regional development by CVM method and spatial autocorrelation analysis.(1) Performance of virtual scene proved that the ecological protection effects of land use optimal zoning model is very clear, especially the protection of biodiversity. The calculated results of Fragstats show that:When we canceled connectivity constraints the result presented the most patch number 55 and the lowest connectance index 6.12, this result indicated connectivity constraints have considerable influence to landscape fragmentation and heterogeneity; Aggregation index value represents the aggregation between regions, the more intense aggregation the more perhaps exchange occurred between species or genetic in different areas, when land compatibility value is 1 there is the most AI value 93.12, but when land compatibility value is-1 there are many broken patches which lead the total edge achieve max value 1003, these result indicate asymmetric land compatibility had important ecological significance; When the model use squared Euclidean distance there would be 3 clear core areas which consistent with the land suitable.(2) Based on Characteristics analysis of regional development we establish a database of land suitability through combination of basis maps, there could be achieved reasonable zoning which is not only to adapt to the regional socio-economic development but also to consistent with natural ecological protection requirements. CVM analysis indicates the economic value of the natural environment in Longxing town is 56967200 yuan, it confirms the development potential of town tourism industry. Global Moran's I index 0.5138 and the map of partial autocorrelation analysis all reflect Longxing town's economic development has shown a strong pattern of spatial variation, this indicate that the combined effect of non-agricultural industries has generated. We compiled raster attribute data by using access database package which formed incidence relationship of one-to-many or many-to-many between the data attributes, in order to achieve quantitatively introduce land suitability into zoning model. We compared quantitatively zoning result with zoning planning in Longxing town, found that:Zoning result of quantitative model reveal similar forms of land use have a better mass effect, and repulsive form of land use present removed state, so ecological core area is very obvious.3. Land resources disposition at village scaleThe research at village scale study Heyan village, Fenbi village and Shixi village by Land use scenarios decision-making system which is constituted with three different multi-objective linear programming methods, the goal is exploring the optimization of village land use structure. All land use technical data are come from 347 valid household surveys.(1) Different priority objectives on the Pareto optimal solution have a significant effect. In this study if you want to get a higher gross profit you must pay higher production costs and greater usage of agricultural chemicals; the more higher priority of ecological objectives set, the more forest areas increase; if we want to maximize work requirements and agricultural area while maximize gross margin, so the fruits and vegetables will be a corresponding increase in area.(2) Goal priority setting should be objective criteria. The use of land-use scenario decision-making system should meet the following criteria:a. areas close to urban areas; b. areas of pronounced attractiveness for tourism; c. predominantly agricultural areas; d. areas with diversified agricultural activities. In areas of pronounced attractiveness for tourism, it seems logical to apply an environmentally oriented philosophy (Env> Soc> Eco) leading to promotion of native forestry species and other non-intensive land uses. In predominantly agricultural areas, an economically oriented philosophy (Eco> Soc> Env) would favour their main social group, farmers. In areas with diversified activities, the presumable conflicts of interest as regards the use of land suggest that a socially oriented philosophy (Soc> Eco> Env) might be most appropriate.4. Multi-scale land use optimization systemLand use optimization is a complex operation system which involves different factors at multiple scales, so the integration problem of systems at different scales has become focus and difficulty in land use optimization research. This study which combined with MAS technology proposed the framework of multi-scale land use optimization System which is based on agent stakeholders.(1) Research units at county scale are towns based on administrative map, research units at town scale are obtained by grid division by superposition of present land-use map and administrative map, and research units at village scale are households because the household behavior is the dominant factor of land use structure. These research units are the basis of running multi-scale land use optimization system. Since the main purpose of the study is to explore the optimal allocation of land use pattern, therefore we chose different method of optimal allocation of land at different scale:the method at county scale is using fuzzy mathematics to functional zoning because of considering function of guiding land use; the method at town scale is land use zoning by quantitative models which is based on simulated annealing algorithm; the method at village scale need more operational in order to guide the household behavior, so we combined three multi-objective linear programming method to create land use scenarios decision-making system which use priority objectives difference to reflect decision-makers preferences on the results of land-use allocation and assist policy makers to formulate land use structure optimization program.(2) Multi-scale land use optimization system structure is a framework for interaction between the individual Agent, which is constitute by three levels of organization of individual Agent, Agent group and Agent domain. In this study individual Agent is government, farmer, researcher and so on, they formed stakeholders Agent group, and the most crucial part of this system is the three Agent domains:theoretical concepts domain, analysis domain and model domain. Above the individual Agent there are two-stage management collaborators of "group" and "domain" which could effectively reduce the system's internal conflict to coordinate problem and improved the efficiency of communication with more problem-solving ability. The "group" and "domain" is an open, dynamic concept in which the number of members is dynamic and the members can dynamically join or leave. The dynamic evolution process can be regarded as Agent changing with the environment and the target requirement, continuous coordination with the adaptation. In such a system to explore land use optimization program, we can effectively mobilize stakeholders, and land use optimization programs at every scale all result from repeated exchange of stakeholders, finally to achieve a real sense of the participatory planning.In summary, this article systematic study Optimal allocation of land resources under different scale, no longer limited to a single scale or tradition thinking that use certain mathematical method to get optimization program, built a land resource allocation system for multi-scale study, provided new ideas and methods for land use research in context of urban and rural areas, made up for the domestic shortage of land use study. However, the system requires constant improvement because certain scale of research can only carry out on assumption conditions. In addition, the coupling of three scales need the specific techniques to be achieved, so in the future we should continue to increase research and study of coupling in order to apply to practice.