Research On The Necessaries And Mechamism Of Employment Community Promotion

Employment is a major way for people to be economically secured as well as to share the benefits of social development. In China, we have 10,000,000 new labor forces entering the labor market annually in recent years. How to deal with the unemployment threats is a difficult and complicated task. Under the pressures of limited resources, such as land, we will try to find a practical employment promoting mechanism based on the existing three-dimension system. That is, people have the freedom to choice their own job, market matches the job seekers and job providers, and government helps smooth the matching. However, it is quite common that neither market nor government can fulfill their roles as expected. Our question is whether there is a third party who can provide the complementary function left by the market and the government.Since 1978, the stated owned enterprises' role in organizing the activities of employees has been replaced by the community gradually. Then, what is the specialty of the community in promoting the employment? How the communities fulfill this function? Bearing these questions in mind, starting out from the point of view of social policy analysis, we find that the community has the advantages in several aspects:lower cost, high efficiency, more participation, and so on in comparison with the market and the government.The market affects the employment by pricing signals. The government guarantees the employment by the enforced policy measures. Instead, the community promotes the employment by creating a peer pressure to work, providing career related education and training, and establishing the assisting services system, such as the job recommendation and non-profit job position development. The focus of this study is on the role of community to promote the employment in the context of interactions between the market, the government and the community. Eight chapters are included in this study.The first chapter is the introduction. We introduce the background information on the labor market, review the literatures, point out the future direction of related researches, and define the key concepts and frameworks used in the following chapters. The introduction directs towards the necessaries of community in promoting employment naturally.The second chapter presents the theoretical analysis for employment community promotion. Starting out from the classic employment theory, after carefully reviewing the development of economics theory in the western countries, we find the employment promotion theories and measures have been swinging between the markets oriented "freedom in choosing" and the government oriented enforcement. With the diversification of our economic and social development, the employment associated problems become more and more complicated. We have to find an innovative way to promote employment. We propose a framework based on the interactions between the market, the government and the community. The third chapter presents the practical analysis for the employment community promotion. We go back to the establishment of People's Republic of China government in 1949. The planned economy system had been adopted by Chinese government since then. Under the planned economy system, the employment had been enforced by the government intervenes completely, which hindered the labor productivity and the economic efficiency. From 1978, the market played a more and more important role in employment, which improves the efficiency dramatically. However, in recent years, with the increasing in unemployment and the deteriorating of weak population, the employment promotion stands in the spotlight again. Dedicated to our labor market situation-underdeveloped labor market and transferring government systems, the potentiality of community in dealing with the unemployment problems attracts our attention.The forth chapter interprets the necessaries of the employment community promotion. To show the community is a proper candidate in dealing with the unemployment, the communities'developments and features are introduced. Extending the classic Todaro-Duel-Economy theory, we introduce a three-sector model. Using this three-sector model, we show that how the community could help to pursuit the development objectives like industrialization, urbanization, poverty control, etc.The fifth chapter explains the mechanism of the employment community promotion. Three models of employment community promotion have been discussed. They are peer pressure model, human capital investment model and the living supporting system model. Through the models, we show that the community can promote the employment by creating employment promoting culture and environments, affecting the individual attitudes toward learning, training and careers. The core advantage of community is the convergence between the community's goal and individual's goal.The sixth chapter discusses the objectives and the measures for the employment community promotion. The main measures suggested for the employment community promotion include:(1) improving the employment atmosphere; (2) providing efficient employment services; (3) advising the employment measures for the government; (4) investing in community human capitals; and (4) encouraging entrepreneurship in the community. Under this general framework, detailed suggestions on measures are presented.The seventh chapter presents a case study on the employment community promotion. A real community is used as a case to illustrate what we discussed above. The final chapter is the conclusion.