Research On Optimization Of The Public Services Performance And Mechanisms Of Improving People's Livelihood

The mechanism of improving the people's livelihood this thesis concerned is the protection mechanisms that is in favor of an adequate, efficient and equitable delivery of public services. This thesis is committed in the framework of the performance of public services, to analysis the Chinese institutional obstacles which restrain from improving the people's livelihood, and to explore a mechanism to improve people's livelihood suited to China's institution environment and development phase by the point of view optimize the three aspects of public service performance from the scale, efficiency and equalization.The starting point of the thesis topic is that livelihoods issues have become the core problem of next stage China's reform and development. And lately social problems outbreak focus on the livelihoods area, like as health care, education, pension, employment and housing and so on, meanwhile has accumulated a considerable amount social contradictions necessary to resolve. At the same time, even though people look forward to improving people's livelihood deeply, and party and government have repeatedly written livelihoods on the central documents and work report, and as the focus of the government work. However, according to our preliminary study shows that the actual results are expected so far from ideal. This situation highlights the reform plight on the people's livelihood, and show that the Chinese government's policy to improve people's livelihood faced on the potential institutional constraints in the actual operation. This has led us research the problem of improving people's livelihood and public service performance on the more macro and system institutional level in the process of China's reform. How to assess the status of our country's people's livelihood? What is the reason cause of reform plight on the people's livelihood? What is effective path to optimize the performance of Chinese public service? Consider the question of these is the original source of this thesis idea and the basic framework.The mechanism of improving the people's livelihood this thesis concerned is the protection mechanisms of public services delivery and its purpose is optimize the performance of public services. I think in the economic reform and development process, whether to improve people's livelihood depends on the three aspects of public services institutional performance:First, the Government can provide adequate public services to meet public demand, that is, the scale performance; second, input scale at both the scale of public service conditions can be highly efficient transformed into public services output, that is, the efficiency performance; third, public services can be provided in a fair and equal for all the people which have public demand, that is, the equalization performance. Only the mechanism concerned these three aspects of performance at the same time, is an effective mechanism to improve people's livelihood.Firstly, research on the path of scale performance evaluation and optimization, this thesis creatively proposed a government's public service scale performance evaluation index based on the balanced development idea. We believe that the appropriate scale of public services should depend on its stage of economic development and their own financial capacity. Based on this idea, we research the general proportion relations between economic development and public service expenditures through econometric model. Then we based on the realities of Chinese calculate the public services scale they should be provided. And we objectively evaluated the China's scale performance of public services.Based on the scale performance evaluation objectively, we focus on research the question of why do Chinese public service will be inadequate in long-term situation, and what mechanisms provided the negative incentives to the government's public service expenditure. Consider our study, Chinese-style fiscal decentralization and government functions variation for economic development as the central, not only are the institutional motivity for the long-term rapid economy growth in China, but also are the institutional obstacles to hinder the growth of government services expenditure, and result in the growth model which is characteristic of "economic growth-people's livelihood improving" each alternative. And we empirically analysis the impact of public service scale by the institutional factors through set up the simultaneous equations model based on the Chinese provincial panel data.Secondly, research on the path of efficiency performance evaluation and optimization, we separately research the China's performance of public services at three aspects:first is the cross-cutting international comparative efficiency analysis, in this we evaluated China's relative efficiency in the world based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach using international data; second is the longitudinal history efficiency analysis, we discussed the actual interaction effect between public services input and output since the founding, based on cointegration and vector error correction model(VEC) approach using our national level time-series data; third is the regional comparative efficiency analysis, in this we studied the China's public service efficiency in 1978-2006 each year, based on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach using China's provincial-level panel data.On this basis, we researched the Chinese impact mechanism of public service efficiency, based on random effects Tobit regression method and regional efficiency in the 1978-2006. Thereinto, we focus on researched institutional factors impact as fiscal decentralization, urbanization, economic growth, regional differences, as well as financial and taxation system reform, accordingly we can provide reference for the policy path of improving public services efficiency.Thirdly, research on the path of equalization performance evaluation and optimization, we separately discussed the China's public services provision equalization performance form the regional differences and differences between urban and rural areas. For the regional equalization index, we used the reciprocal of classical inequality index as coefficient of variation, theil entropy index and Gini coefficient weighted by population size, accordingly we can objectively described the Chinese public service long-term trend equalization. There is an argument in the basic public services equalization research areas which is whether or not the equalization of public services is equivalent to the financial equalization. Using the above method, we calculated separately the regions per capita expenditure and public service output inequality index, and analysis their cointegration relationship. The results show that exist cointegration relations between the two, that is, equalization expenditure per capita and equalization of public services are stable associate in the long term, so we respond to the above argument.For the urban and rural public services equalization index, because of the lack of an effective statistical indicators and data, we inventive structured this index by influence coefficient of urbanization impact on the public service scale. We think that when control other variables, the greater of index, the greater the difference of the level of public services between urban and rural, and vice versa.About the impact mechanism of the equalization performance, we set up time-series model using the annual public service inequality index as dependence variable, and analysis the impact of economic development difference, the per capita fiscal expenditure imbalances, as well as both the proportion of the fiscal area on the degree of public services equalization. Accordingly, we analysis the reasons of China public services inequality and discuss the equalization path.Lastly, we evaluated the general performance of public services, and proposed policy recommendations of in favor of a mechanism designed to improve people's livelihood. Based on the three aspects of performance index of public services scale, efficiency and equalization we founded, we established the Chinese general public services performance index by through the synthesis of three-way performance. And we clearly measured this index, and described Chinese people's livelihood status quo and development trend, consequently provided directional reference for government development strategies and policies focus in the future. Based on system combed a variety of factors affect the performance of public services, and we targeted discussed how to lift the institutional obstacles which constraints the implementation of public service performance, consequently proposed policy suggestion which in favor of improving people's livelihood and booster the mechanism fit the characteristics of the institutional environment and the stage.This thesis's research set up in a system research framework, we break down the performance of public services into scale, efficiency and equalization three levels, and separately made evaluation and impact mechanism study. It is worth emphasizing that all of this thesis study set up in the normative economics and objective research methods, widely used relevant data carry out empirical analysis, and we are committed to the research has focused on how to carry out structural reforms and policies designed to optimize the Chinese general performance of public services, thereby contributing to the improvement of Chinese people's livelihood.I personally think that this thesis has the following characteristics:first is we proposed public service general performance evaluation system based on scale, efficiency and equalization, and quantitative evaluated and analysis the general public service performance and three aspects of performance; second is that the thesis research improving Chinese people's livelihood in view of the Macro-institutional level, and doesn't limited the view in the specific dimensions of public service, also doesn't talk to the people's livelihood at the surface of people's livelihood; third is that the thesis firstly proposed viewpoint of institutional motivity which maintain the economic growth, has been part of transformed into institutional obstacles which obstruct the development of livelihood, and this hypothesis has been confirmed by positive ways; forth is that we use empirical approach analysis the impact mechanism of public service performance, and targeted proposed policy recommendations in favor of construction of people's livelihood improving mechanism.