During The Period Of The Republic Of China In The Beijing Area Of Water And Drought Disasters Such As Famine, Infectious Diseases Research

In this thesis, the methods of macro and micro, and the theories of sociology, political science, psychology and history are used to conduct a comprehensive study of the disaster and famine in the Republic of China of Beijing. In order to have a more detail and intuitive reproduction of the disaster and famine station and its countermeasures, the methods of case studies, summarized research and comparative analysis will also be used, so as to restore social original appearance as much as possible, and draw the lesson for the disaster and famine prevention of today.The first part mainly discusses the major disasters and famine in the Republic of China of Beijing, in order to provide evidence for the depth discussion later, the characteristics of them will also be analyzed. The disaster and famine occurred frequently in the Republic of China of Beijing, of which had serious influence are floods, droughts and infectious diseases. This thesis mainly discusses the three disasters. In this part, the methods of macro will be used to Comprehensive exposition of this chapter the disaster overview of major disasters occurred in1949, Beijing from a macro perspective, and from which to explore the characteristics of disaster Famine. This paper argues that three main characteristics of the Republic of China in Beijing during the disaster One is a typical view of flood and drought "spring drought autumn flood hazard, secondary, derivative disasters highlight the strong mass; Faminelook at its features, the shortage situation is serious, and is certain to curb the prevalence of infectious diseases; shortage situation during the Japanese occupation of Beijing heaviest.The second chapter mainly analysis the causes of disasters and famine. The natural factors are the direct causes of the disasters, as the socio-economic development, social factors and increasing influence on the occurrence of disasters, famine. Republic of China Beijing area almost year disaster, no disaster Shortage of natural factors caused this chapter presents mainly includes three aspects, namely the geographical environment, climate and environment, as well as the river system; modern times, the deterioration of the ecological environment, political instability, war continued water conservancy disrepair, official corruption, the people living in poverty, technological backwardness, superstitious thinking mischief serious disasters, famine and social factors.The third chapter mainly analyzes the impact of the disaster and Famine. The successive years of famine caused confusion to the political order, the economic development and even the psychological enormous impact of victims in Beijing. The direct consequences of disasters and famine are a large number of the poor being maimed or killed due to the lack of timely rescue. Those who was survived, became refugees, some went out from hunger, the other was driven by hunger that disrupt the normal social order. The disaster damaged the agricultural harvests, industrial, transportation and communication facilities. In turn, it worsened the survival conditions of the population, and added to the social unrest factors. It is not only conducive to post-disaster relief, but also block the Beijing Modernization development. As we know, under the Successive years of famine, every Chinese people were victims, the disasters and famine caused to the victims of serious physical injury and psychological pressure, on the other hand, in the face of famine the active neighborhood sprit was formed. It is under this sprit guided, Charity Relief was quickly developed. It also promoted the official rescue embarked on the road of modernization relief.The fourth chapter mainly discusses the ideology and practice of the Government Disaster Prevention. The Republic of China is a transition period from the tradition to the modern. The traditional Famine thought and measures in this period was inherited in some extent. At the same time, the modern mode of disaster prevention was gradually established, the organizations was perfected stage by stage. From the Peking police department to the Relief Committee, the procedural management was embarked. The laws which was gradually improved and the disaster relief funds which was collected in a variety of method provided legal protection and financial guarantees for the disaster prevention. The constructed of the water conservancy projects and the development of the medical treatment highlights the modern progress of the disaster prevention and famine. There were three years—1924,1929and1939—that were severely affected during the period of the Republic of China in Beijing area. Although there are many similarities in the occurrence of these disasters, the disaster rescued methods were obviously different because of the three year belonging to three different periods. After the1924’s disaster, the responding that the Beiyang government adopted are temporary measures. The Nanjing National Government pay more attention on the institution building. In1939, the National Government and the Communist Party government behind the enemy lines area rescued actively, but under the rule of the puppet government, the shortage situation was aggravated.The fifth part mainly analysis the situation of the social relief. Firstly, it gives a brief discussion on the development of the charity relief organization in Beijing in the Republic of China. It argues that in the Period of BeiYang Government the Official Relief was paralyzed, while the private charity relief organizations were rapidly developed. It was in the spontaneous stage, and the strength was scattered in this period. During the process of relief, the non-governmental organizations had realized the need for cooperation. The Nanjing National Government drew up a series of laws for the charity relief organization. By the law, the government strengthened the supervision to the private organization which made it developed healthily while without being interference. This chapter compared the relief of the non-governmental organizations in Beijing, and concluded that the relationship between the official and the private organization was changed. This change showed that the private had become a powerful force in the turbulent social environment.It was an important transition period of ancient China from1912to1948, disaster prevention and famine system was struggled forward along with the pace of modernization of China in this particular social environment. Although the Government and non-governmental organizations have made tremendous efforts, the pace of forward was seriously retarded due to the lack of pre-disaster and the supervision, as well as the problem of the prominent corruption. It is improved until the founding of the People’s Republic of China. So the key of disaster prevention and disaster relief is the development of economic and human being. To promote the economic development and to realize modernization is the direction. The experience in the Republic china provides the reference for today’s disaster prevention and relief.