Research On Collaborative Environmental Governance

As a by-product in the process of urbanization and rapid industrialization,Environmental pollution problems have become increasingly prominent. In our country,the regulatory environmental governance, with the combination of centralization and decentralization as the main feature, can’t adapt to the challenge of the environment more and more, especially in the atmosphere, river basin and other cross-border environmental pollution problems increased, forcing the theory and practical workers must explore a new type of environmental governance model or tool that is more conducive to resource sharing and coordination as soon as possible. Collaborative public management provides a new perspective to deal with the problems such as the main body of environmental governance and the closure of power. Based on the basic theory and analysis framework of collaborative public management, exploring a kind of environmental governance based on collaboration, Will help enhance the response to environmental pollution problems, and to provide reference for other areas of cross-border, cross-sectoral governance.Therefore, based on the "theory- Practice- re theory – re practice", set the theory as a starting point, summary the rise, characteristics, analysis framework of collaborative public management and its applicability to the study of environmental governance in China; Looking back on practice, to systematically summarize the development course of China’s environmental governance and its existing problems;And then from the macro theoretical level, to put forward the concept, structure and mechanism of collaborative environmental governance; Go back to practice again, to explore the path of implementation of collaborative environmental governance, through the case of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei haze governance, revision the theory and reflect the crux of the reality of Cooperative Environmental Governance.Either in China or in the west, the collaborative behavior in public administration is not a new creation, it exists in the traditional administrative theory and practice.Collaborative public management as a governance tool begins with the new public administration in western countries. On the one hand, it originates from the reflection on the traditional bureaucratic administration, on the other, it is a response to the complexity of social governance. Collaborative public management(CPM), to develop interactive, integrated management system in the process of Public Administration,those who are involved in the issue take the initiative to participate in public affairs, tointegrate the power, function, resources and advantages of cross boundary, it is a social governance structure that promotes the ultimate goal of public value. In essence, it presents the state of integration and interaction; describes the process of self-adaptation;and construct a mutually beneficial relationship; it is also a kind of adjustment of public and private interests. Fundamentally speaking, collaborative public management can not be separated from the analytical framework of the value idea, the main body structure and the operating mechanism. Although the collaborative public management is similar with the Governing by Network, Cross- boundary governance, Intergovernmental Management, Collaborative Governance and Synergy Governance. But I think, its pursuit of public value orientation, structural integration of organic integration,emphasize the border as a basic point, to create cross-border coordination mechanism,so it is fit for the characteristics of environmental governance, the particular social background of China and regulatory environment governance system. Of course, it is also necessary to see the limitations of collaborative public management, that is,dependence on traditional organization form, the inequality that can not be avoided within the network,the problem of dual identity transformation,high cost management,the conflict between organizations, responsibility dilemma and so on.However, looking back the actuality, although since reform and opening up, the environmental governance of our country has experienced the process of gradual development, gradually establish legal system, environmental governance system is constantly reform,but there are still a lot of problems:One is the concept of paradox,the main performance is the goal of environmental protection is suspended, The action of environmental governance is influenced by linear thinking; Second is structural defects, the main performance is influenced by the environmental protection agency block crack, the relationship between the power and responsibility of the environmental protection subject is implicit. Third is the contradiction between the system, there is a confrontation between administrative power and legal system, there are conflicts between environmental laws. Four is the mechanism of fracture, coordination and communication between the main body of governance are hindered, pay attention to the end of governance and despise the source control. Five is the power to be closed, so government behavior is hard to supervise, civil society in environmental governance involved in the situation is very embarrassing. Six is the process of alienation, mainly manifested in the movement of law enforcement and collusions between governments.Environmental governance in the perspective of collaborative public management is called collaborative environmental governance. Specifically, refers to the environmental issues related to the interests of the subject under the guidance of the common concept, form an effective cooperative relationship, through the effectiveintegration of resources and advantages to achieve the effective management of the environment. Cooperative environmental governance is collaborative public management concepts and tools used in environmental governance, adhering to the collaborative public management to public value and rational cooperation as part of the spirit of the concept, it contains the spirit of the kernel is more concrete and rich.Secondly, collaborative environmental governance needs to build a close relationship between the network structure as a concrete manifestation of the relationship. Third,participate in multiple environmental stakeholders cooperation also brings more complex inter organisational and inter departmental relationships, the essence of collaboration is to admit that differentiated under the premise to these individuals were overall connection and co-ordinate the integration. Finally, in the collaborative environment governance of common ideas under the guidance of, in a network structure based, with cooperative mechanism of operation push on the factors of resource information, manpower, capacity, material and so on system integration can be achieved,in the process of integration, through the joint action, all kinds of resources according to the specific problems of applicability and overall mission objectives need to be redeployed, cooperative effect can be realized. From the theoretical level, the value of collaborative environmental governance is to realize the pre adjustment of the multi center governance, the strategy choice of the comprehensive self organization management, the transition of the complete personality. From a practical level,collaborative environment governance will help to consensus philosophy correction conceptions of reality are contrary to the Paradox, advocate multiple subjects involved in breaking the power of closed, cross-border cohesive fracture structure, system and mechanism.Starting from the analysis framework of "concept structure mechanism".In the concept of dimensions, the need to reach a consensus on the concept of environmental public welfare, the construction of the spirit of the rule of law and the spirit of cooperation; In the structural dimension, the need to improve the structure of the main body of environmental governance and adjust the role of the main body in the environment, to build a collaborative environment governance structure of the network;On the mechanism dimensions, intersubjective interaction, interest coordination,resource integration and system security is important components of collaborative environmental governance mechanism, these mechanisms like collaborative environmental management of the overall system operation in the cab, dynamic,uninterrupted influence and change the cooperative behavior in the existing structure and resource allocation. And every interaction and integration of operation due to the target by adjustment, change information, change, interest considerations and riskcomparison shows different content and form, while the former one is a foundation with excessive, next is a continuation and, in a continuous curve to seek balance stage.Return to reality, in the realization of the path of collaborative environmental governance, I believes that, First, we should enhance the value identity of the concept of ecological civilization, with the help of the concept of ecological civilization to promote and deepen the effective guidance of the subject cooperation of environmental governance. Second, we should speed up the improvement of the main structure of collaborative environmental governance, and adjust the role of the main body and the direction of action. Three is the non-governmental organizations should actively expand the effective space in environmental governance, optimize the allocation of public resources, and based on their relative advantages to fully develop their ability in environmental governance. Four is to pay attention to the citizen’s environmental rights,protect the citizen’s right to use the environment, as well as the right to know and participate in environmental governance. Third, we should start from the basic concept of power and responsibility, and straighten out the interactive relationship between the government, non-governmental environmental organizations, enterprises and the public in environmental cooperation as soon as possible; From the local reality, to ensure that the government in the governance of environmental governance in the dominant position; With the regional characteristics of the pollution of the environment as the basis, the establishment of the environmental administration of cross-border cooperation committee, environmental protection cooperation meeting and other diverse cross-border collaboration. Fourth, we should also make efforts to build or perfect the democratic participation mechanism, information sharing mechanism, the benefit compensation mechanism, the system supply mechanism.Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei air pollution joint prevention and control actions, it is not only a beneficial exploration of collaborative environmental governance, but also a reflection of theory and practice workers in many aspects. Governance concept has differences, lack of cooperation in the main structure, low level of cooperation in the organization, cooperation system is incomplete and other issues can not be avoided. To this end, to set up the value of the green ecological civilization, improve the network structure of collaborative governance, improve the regulatory policies of collaborative environmental governance, and establish a diversified interactive and cooperative mechanism, is the only way to get out of the dilemma of environmental governance.