Research On Environmental Impact Assessment Of General Land Use Planning

As the "bibcock" of land use management, land planning plays the role of macroscopical guidance. And as a important means of country’s macroscopical regulation, land gradually received prevalent attention from all society. At the same time, the status of entironment stands out increasingly in course of the development of economy and society, the work of E1A has been comparatively mature, but strategic environmental assessment (SEA) which aimed at important policy and plan still have shortages of theory.method and practice.Regional environment protection is the main task of China in 21st century. In the 12th fivie-year plan, it regarded constructing resource-economical and environment-friendly society as a important power point of fleetly changing the mode of the development of economy, and set up a chapter’’Green development Constructing resource-economical and environment-friendly society", pointed out that we must persist in protecting first and giving priority to natural repair, enhance the effort of protecting and constructing environment, turn the trend of environment deterioration from headstream. In National Plan of Main Fuction Region issued in June 2011, it pointed out that human demand not only include farm product.industry product and service product, but also include ecological product such as clear and bright air, clear water and pleasant climate etc.. From the angle of demand, these natural elements also have characters of product in a manner. The process of protecting and extending nature’s ability of providing ecological products is also the process of creating value. The activity of protecting environment and provding ecological products is also development. As a whole, our country’s ability of providing industrial products increase rapidly, but the ability of provding ecological products is weakening, people’s demands of ecological products is increasing ceaselessly. So we must take providing ecological products as a important content of development, take inhancing the ability of producing ecological products as important task of country space exploitation. Chairman Hu Jintao pointed out in the party’s 18th Congress:we must promote the construction of ecological civilization. In the face of the serious situation of tightening resources constraints, serious environmental pollution and ecosystem degradation,we must build up ecological civilization concept of respecting nature, complying with the nature, and protecting nature, put the ecological civilization construction in a prominent position, adhere to the basic state policy of resource conservation and environmental protection, adhere to the policy of saving priority, protection priority and natural recovery, promote green development, cycle development and low carbon development, form the spatial pattern of resource conservation and environmental protection, reverse the trend of ecological environment deterioration from the source, create a good production and living environment for the people. So, the importance of ecological construction and environmental protection has reached an unprecedented height in China, at the same time land use planning environmental impact assessment was also put forward new requirements, which highlighting major significance of land use planning environmental impact assessment in the new period.This thesis started with relative literature review of environmental impact assessment of land use planning, selected sustainable development theory, system subject theory, complex ecological system theory and SEA system theory, took regional society-economy-environment system as the evaluation object, studied regional society-economy-environment open complex huge system, grasped the moving regulations of regional society-economy-environment system, established two-hierarchy theory system of environmental impact assessment of general land use planning which include planning aim and planning scheme corresponding to outline and text two stages in the constitution of general land use planning, and took Yangzhou as an example to do a demonstration research. The whole thesis can divide to four parts:the first part include former three chapter, which are introduction, literature review and basic theory; the second part include the fourth.fifth, and sixth chapters, which are two-hierarchy theory system of environmental impact assessment of general land use planning; the third part is the seventh chapter which is the demonstration research; the fourth part is the eighth chapter which are the conclusions and prospects.In order to establish two-hierarchy theory system of general land use planning environmental impact assessment.the fourth chapter firstly analysed basic problems such as land use and environmental problem, recognization of environmental impact of general land use planning, then discussed the route of environmental impact assessment of general land use planning, ulteriorly advanced two-hierarchy theory system of environmental impact assessment of general land use planning, including assessment aim, object, principles, contents, methods, procedure, and the needful results.Then the latter two chapters were the particular introduction of first and second hierarchy.The fifth chapter introduced first-hierarchy environmental impact assessment of general land use planning, the assessment contents include:①assessment of functional healthiness of regional society-economy-environment system:②assessment of stability of regional society-economy-environment system:③assessment of coordination of regional society-economy-environment system;④ assessment of relationship between regional environmental capacity and environmental pressure. In the stage of constitution of outline of general land use planning, after analyzing the relationship among sustainbale development and functional healthiness, stability, coordination of regional society-economy-environment system, determnined the evaluation methods and indexes. Through these assessment, judge whole running circumstance of regional society-economy-environment open complex huge system, judge whether the planning aims of general land use planning benefits regional sustainbale development. If the planning aims do not benefit regional sustainbale development, put forward reasonable planning aims of general land use planning.The sixth chapter introduced second-hierarchy environmental impact assessment of general land use planning, the assessment contents include: ①assessment of rationality of land use scale;②assessment of rationality of land use structure;③assessment of rationality of land use distribution. In the stage of constitution of text of general land use planning, after analyzing the contents of planning text of general land use planning, determined the evaluation theory and methods of the evaluation of rationality of land use scale, structure and distuibution.Through these assessment, judge running circumstance of key parts of regional society-economy-environment open complex huge system, judge whether the planning scheme of general land use planning is reasonable. If the planning scheme can not achieve regional sustainbale development, put forward more reasonable planning scheme of general land use planning.The seventh chapter used established two-hierarchy theory and methods of environmental impact assessment of general land use planning to do a demonstration research with new general land use planning of Yangzhou. And the results are as follows.In first-hierarchy assessment, used fuzzy set pair method to assess the functional healthiness of society-economy-environment system of Yangzhou from 1996-2020, and the results indicated that the level of functional healthiness of society-economy-environment system of Yangzhou increased continually in planning period, and achieved quite healthy level in 2020; used regional society-economy-environment system stability concept model to assess the stability of society-economy-environment system of Yangzhou, and the results indicated that society-economy-environment system of Yangzhou gradually acheived stable status in 2010 and 2020 from instable status before 2005.and the stability level enhanced continually: used comprehensive assessment model based on dissipation structure theory and information entropy principle to assess the coordination of society-economy-environment system of Yangzhou, and the results indicated that Yangzhou gradually walked out the status of close to maladjustment, and achieved well coordination level; used environmental pressure and capacity concept model to assess environmental pressure and capacity of Yangzhou, and the results indicated that ecological deficit would expand to 11955048.4 hm2 from 7456156.1 hm2 in 2005, ecological deficit enlarged furtherly in the future.In second-hierarchy assessment, used method of grain demand, method of hypothesis of single land limit to evaluate the scale rationality of cultivated land and construction land, the results indicated that the scale of cultivated land can guarantee grain safety, at the same time agricultural non-point source pollution caused by cultivated land declined in planning period, the water and air pollution emitted from construction land were in the range of regional environmental capacity when construction land satisfied the demands of development of economy and society; used ecosystem service value method to assess environmental impact of land use structure adjustment, the results indicated that ecosystem service value of Yangzhou presented a trend of descending at the fore and ascending afterwards from 2005 to 2020, and would achieve 8.021 billion yuan in 2020, raised 0.012 billion yuan compared with the value in 2005; by calculating the change of carbon emission of Yangzhou in planning period, the results indicated that carbon emission per GDP declined year by year during planning period, and the reduction of carbon emission in Yangzhou can achieve certain effect; used map overlay of GIS to assess environmental impact of land use distribution, the results indicated that distribution of constructive land had better ecological suitability, and only 3.98% of constructive land was distributed in high sensitive area and middle sensitive area; parts of distribution of the important projects broke into important ecological proctective regions, which needed adjustment and relevant alleviating measures according to the regulations of important ecological proctective regions.The thesis’s innovations are: ① established two-hierarchy theory system of environmental impact assessment of general land use planning, which took regional society-economy-environment complex huge system as evaluation object, evaluated environmental impact of general land use planning from planning aim and planning scheme. ② established new method system of environmental impact assessment of general land use planning,which included fuzzy set pair method, regional society-economy-environment system stability concept model, comprehensive assessment model based on dissipation structure theory and information entropy principle, environmental pressure and capacity concept model, method of grain demand, hypothesis of single land limit method,ecosystem service value, carbon emission, map overlay of GIS etc.. The thesis’s shortages are: ① Environmental impact assessment of general land use planning less considered the impact of other resources besides land resources due to the implementation of the plan,②Due to the limits of some evaluation methods, part of the evaluation results was idealized.③ Because the scale of planning map of Yangzhou was small, there was certain shortage in evaluation precision which was needful improving direction in the future.