Responsibility Sharing And Supervision Mechanism Design Of Project Quality Under General Contract System

There are several new issues in the implementation of general contract, such asparticipating subject and its quality responsibility confusion, unclear relationship amongparticipating subject, unfair distribution of quality responsibility, irregularization ofquality behaviors and so on, which bring new challenges for project qualitymanagement and supervision. Exploring the nature and solution for those issues is themain analytical focus of this article. Under the system of general contract, assurance andimprovement of project quality could be considered as the improvement of qualitycontrol and supervision management system ultimately. Based on that, this articleattempts to study the quality control and supervision management mechanism under thesystem of general contract in order to put forward some theoretical basis and referencefor supervision methods and measures of quality control under the system of the generalcontractor.This article studys on the implementation of project general contract and how tocontrol and supervise project quality under general contract mode through combiningthe development of general contract at domestic and foreign and current situation ofproject quality management. Specifically, analysied general contract mode, currentsituation of project quality control and supervision, defined connotation clarified qualityresponsibility of each subject under general contract, analysied quality behavior of eachsubject under general contract with modeling and discussed the stability of qualityresponsibilty distribution and quality control system under general contract. Then, putforward project quality supervision system and operation mechnism under generalcontract, and then apply practice in Chongqing into project quality control andsupervision mechnism as applied analysis. Therefore, this article designed the followingresearch content:①Through study on the role of each participating subject and relationship amongthem, it could be concluded that the subjects under the system of general contract arethe main owners general contractors, professional sub-contractors, labor-subcontractors,supervisors, project management companies and material equipment suppliers, and thequality responsibility of all subjects were analyzed. Based on these analyze, the qualityresponsibility of each subject was defined in detail by combining with the existingrelevant laws and regulations which can be used as reference for formulating relevant laws and regulations.②Based on the view of "the quality behavior of responsible subject should be thefocus on project quality control", the quality behaviors and mutual control mechanismof owners, supervisors, general contractors, subcontractors, establishing the behaviorselection model of the owners, supervision units, the general contractor andsubcontractors as well as the behavior interaction analytical model among them, andsum up the characteristics, rules and mutual control mechanism of the behaviorselection.③To build a more fair and reasonable project quality burden-sharing mechanism,studying and designing the quality burden-sharing mechanism under the generalcontract mode, construction general contracting model and the BT mode by applyingthe Shapley value model, and propose that owners, supervisors and the contractor inconstruction industry should form a coalition of quality responsibility, sharing theresponsibility of project quality in accordance with their respective influence on thequality of the project.④Analyzing the stability of quality control system under various kinds of generalcontracting mode with model of impluse in the system of dynamics. With analysis ofstability of the quality control system under the designing-building General Contractingmode, the construction general contracting model and BT mode, proposing that thequality control system is stable under the design-construction general contracting modequality and can achieve better project quality control, so this model is worth beingwidely applied and promoted to some extent.⑤For the construction of project quality supervision system, from the theoreticalperspective, the analytical angle which only from the Government and the main bodyparticipating construction is relative single, considering less of the collaboration andinteraction among the enterprise, government and community. Based on this, this paperestablish the project quality control and supervision management system of generalcontracting project with multiple main bodies such as the government,society, risks andso on, analyzing the horizontal and vertical operation mechanism. And we believe thatonly the concerted operation of all systems can assure the mutual promoting andsteadily proceeding roles and all main bodies in the whole system, exerting the optimalfunction of the integrate system.Through studys on contents above, main research results can be concluded asfollows: ①Acquired the knowledge of general contract project quality supervision systemin developed country is more well-built, control and supervision subject is diversifiedand market mechnism plays as a more important role, which helps to clear and definethe way to improve general contract project quality control and supervision in China.②Defined quality duties and responsibility of construction subject under generalcontract by combining organization structure and roles of foreign project quality controlin foreign general contract mode, among them, owners and constractors are the mostimportant subject. Besides, analysis on quality responsibility of construction subjectunder general contract is not only good for improving understanding for generalcontract in the filed of construction industry, which provide referrence for formulaterelated rules and regulations, but also good for eliminating maladies caused by uncleardefine of subject’s role in law, which could prevent quality responsibility prevarication.③Building behavior choice of owners, contractor and sub-contractor model undergeneral contract and analysis model for inrtactive among them, through solving andanalyzing these models, concluded characteristics and regular pattern of eachparticipator s’ behavior choice, which include:1)The more fine amount when owners choose opposite behavior, the lessenthusiasm thwy show on choosing opposite behavior. The rate owner choose oppsitebehavior decrease with the increase benefit of implementing opposite behavior. Themore cost of government supervision organization, the higher enthusiasm ownerschoose opposite behavior. Therefore, supervision on owners from government shouldbe with comprehensive consideration cost and frequency of supervision, and steplytaking measures to control quality behavior of owners.2)The higher frequency of supervision is, the bigger probability of finding out thatsupervisor enterprise select opposite action will be, which makes the lower motivationof choosing opposite action. When the property owner takes heavier punishment for theopposite behavior of supervisor, or increase the reward of supervisor’s positive behavior,the probability of supervision unit choosing opposite behavior will lower. If thebehavior of one party is regulated, the possibility of regulated behavior of the otherparty will be increased. Thus it can be seen that the degree of quality behaviorstandardization of supervisor will be simultaneously influenced by property owner andgeneral contractor, so to standardize the quality behavior of supervisor must standardizethe quality behavior of property owner and contractors.3)General contractor can obtain more extra revenue if taking opposite behavior or litter supervision from supervisor, and the probability of general contactor take negativebehavior will be larger. While if increasing the incentive for proper behavior of generalcontractor, or increasing the punishment for those irregular behaviors, the probability ofgeneral contactor taking negative behavior will be less. Therefore, quality control overgeneral contractor should combine with the supervision and incentive.4)Behavior choice of sub-contactor is very similar to general contactor. Moreover,coordination system plays very important role in promoting and protecting cooperationamong general contractor and sub-contractor and among subcontractors, which canprevent any speculation of all parties.④Using the Shapley model to study on how to share the responsibility of projectquality, and conduct detailed research on the responsibility sharing mechanism underdesign-built general contract mode, managing contractor mode and BT mode. Theresearch finds out that the current project quality sharing mechanism violates thefairness principle of market, which attribute to property owner and supervisionorganization avoiding responsibility and weakening the motivation of sharing projectresponsibility. In construction industry, property owner, supervisor and contractorcompose of a quality responsibility alliance, and each party shares the project qualityresponsibility according to its influence degree on project quality. It will be in favor ofsupervising the property owner and supervision organization to work harder forregulating their quality behavior, and also can change contractor’s long-time inferiorstatus to some extent. Meanwhile, under the quality responsibility alliance, it is moreefficient of each part’s effort to ensure project quality, and it is also easier forgovernment quality supervision organization to define and retroact the project qualityresponsibility and to manage the responsibility shearing.⑤Use the impulse model of system dynamics into the analysis of quality control’ssystem stability of general contactor, and conduct elaborate research on the systemstability of quality control of design-built general contract mode, managing contractmode and BT mode. The results show:1)The reason of project quality accident taking place frequently is because of theunstable quality control system. Since the elements of control system are of two-wayeffective, supervision measures can only work in a certain stage of the project but notsolve the quality problems from the root. Under ideal condition, quality control systemshould be single way, which means the quality of upper layer will not effect thesupervision and management intensity of the lower layer in the system. This is good for the system stability to guarantee the project quality.2)At present quality control system of Managing Contractor mode and BT modecan not reach the steady state, but quality control system under design-built mode isstable and can better realize project quality control, so to some extent this mode is worthto be widely used and strong promoted.⑥On the base of analyzing current project quality control and supervision system,this paper establishes a new project control and supervision system under generalcontract system. This system includes several participants, including property owner,supervisor or supervision companies, general contractor, professional sub-contractor,labor sub-contractor, government, insurance (guarantee) company, inspectionorganization, design auditing organization, industry association, media, consumerprotection organization, accrediting and auditing body, among which form interactingorganic system. What’s more, though the analysis on the system’s transverse operationmechanism and vertical operation mechanism, we know this system can make up theshortage of original system in project quality control and supervision of general contract.However, this new system must coordinate operation so as to ensure all elements in thesystem working together to play bigger role.The main feature and creation of this paper lies in:First, design project quality responsibility sharing mechanism. In constructionindustry, property owner, supervisor and contractor compose of a quality responsibilityalliance, and each party shares the project quality responsibility according to itsinfluence degree on project quality. It will be in favor of supervising the property ownerand supervision organization to work harder for regulating their quality behavior, andalso can change contractor’s long-time inferior status to some extent. Meanwhile, underthe quality responsibility alliance, it is more efficient of each part’s effort to ensureproject quality, and it is also easier for government quality supervision organization todefine and retroact the project quality responsibility and to manage the responsibilitysharing.Second, bring up single-way quality supervision mode, and use interacting factorof all parties as bridge to build impulse process model of quality behavior. Through theimprovement of the structure of current project quality supervision management system,take single-way supervision in project quality control so that the effect of the lowerlayer quality management will not influence the supervision and management of theupper layer and wrong supervision strategy will not occur due to the information distortion. Quality supervision organization will take the same supervision and samesupervision cost for all projects, through the impulse process model validation, theproject quality supervision system is stable in single-way supervision mode, and it canrestrain project quality accident in long run and prevent big fluctuation in project qualityto reach the goal of project quality control.Third, construct operation mechanism of project quality supervision system undergeneral contract system. After setting project quality control and supervision system, it’snecessarily to have the appropriate supporting operation mechanism for achievingexpected objectives. Based on the horizontal and vertical relationships amongsubsystems with, how to integrate all subsystems through mechanism involves systemmodel interoperability problems. Because if the system is described to be composed bysubsystems and members, so there are operation mechanisms which horizontally andvertically play role of systematic mutual support, integration, and coordination. From astructural functionalist perspective, project quality supervision system must runconcurrently, in order to ensure mutual promotion, methodical operation andcollaboration among each bodies in the system, and play a greater overall effect.Therefore, this topic is the need to continue promoting project general contract andto ensure the project quality construction under general contract system. Through thisstudy, we can make clear the interaction relation of quality responsibility and qualitybehavior of each party under general contract to form a valid project quality controlmechanism. This paper finds out the methods to regulate the quality behavior ofparticipants of each level, and form the interaction mechanism while realizing the goalof quality management control in government, enterprises and society, which will helpto improve project quality and the level of project quality control and supervisionmanagement.