Reaserch On The Contribution 0f The Chinese Institute Of Engineers In The Process Of China Modernization

Since the mid-nineteenth century, China realized the power of Western technology and it’s lagging behind because of the failure of the wars to the foreign countries. As a result, China began to learn from the West, also began the process of modernization. Besides the introduction of Western science, the introduction, digestion and application of modern Western engineering technology are also very important in China’s modernization. And the China Institute of Engineers played an important role in this process.Based on the professional journals, monographs, conference reports published by the Chinese Institute of Engineers, combining with related files, member biographies and memories,important publications, articles and other literature during the Republic period, and based on the historical background, through the systematic investigation of related historical facts,monographs, articles and so on, this article demonstrates the contributions of Chinese Institute of Engineer for the first time. Like leading and organizing engineering community, promoting the development of engineering education, promoting academic exchange and research of engineering, promoting the application of engineering techniques. The basic features and concepts of China Institute of Engineers is explored, the historical status of Chinese Institute of Engineers in Chinese Modernization is analyzed in this article. This article provides a new perspective for the research of localization of Western engineering science and technology in China, Modern Engineering Division and China Modern Process.This study includes the following aspects:In chapter I, the process of development of the Chinese Institute of Engineers is studied.The social background when Chinese Institute of Engineers was founded is attempted to construct from the industrialization”, “the training of engineering and technical personnel", "the political environment" and other aspects; The historical change of the Institute is arranged by three stages : The Republic Engineers, China Engineering Institute, China Institute of Engineers the historical trend of the Institute is revealed: from the "separated" to "joint", from small to big, from focusing on self-development to other major issues such as national economy,national defense and the participation in economic development practice, which is the starting point and foothold of depth studying.In the second chapter, three organizational systems of the Chinese Institute of Engineers are studied at first, which including Branch System, Specifically Engineering System, Statutory Committee System. Three systems have different emphases, and constitute the organic organization system all together. It is pointed out that the organizational system of the Institute is conducive to link the engineering and technical people of different places, different majors,and different departments and that the system is the basis for the existence and development of the Institute. It is also pointed out that the system of the Institute plays a key role in social function. By studying the "Engineer s’ Creed", "Engineers’ Day" and other elements, the achievements of Chinese Institute of Engineers in the training of professional spirit and sense of identity are analyzed. On this basis, this article try to fully understand the organization and leadership of China Institute of Engineers in the engineering..In the third chapter, the pioneering work of the Chinese Institute of Engineers in engineering education is discussed. Investigating the situation of engineering education and holding the National Engineering Education Conference provide important starting point and theoretical sources to the China Institute of Engineers to promote engineering education then,the objective analysis of insights on curriculum, teaching materials from the Institute are described in this chapter. The work of drafting curriculum standards of the university education,engineering textbooks editing, establishment of scholarships, advising schools and other aspects are also studied in this chapter. It is demonstrated that the Institute has played an important role in promoting engineering education reform and explore suitable engineering education system for China.In Chapter IV, the important work of Chinese Institute of Engineers in the engineering and technological exchanges is studied. Firstly, it is pointed out that the Institute had made important achievements in engineering terminology harmonization, and the importance of engineering terminology harmonization to scientific and technological exchanges is discussed.Then, the outstanding contribution in creating technology exchange system is analyzed by studying the publishing and holding Annual Conferences of Chinese Institute of Engineers.Finally, the technological exchanges of Chinese Institute of Engineers during the war are detailed studied, and it is demonstrated that the China Institute of Engineers is the organizer and leader of engineering and technological exchanges in the Republic period.In Chapter V, the important work in advancing engineering technology and progress made by the Institute is studied from "Engineering Materials Test", "Industrial StandardizationFormulation and Implementation", "Industrial Plan Research", and "Large-scale Science and Technology Field Visits respectively. The historical significance of their work is discussed and the key role of Chinese Institute of Engineers is highlighted.At last, based on the systematic study, the major features of the research work of China Institute of Engineers like "big cooperation", "pragmatic" and "vision" are further analysis and the status of China engineers in the history of modern Chinese history is objectively evaluated.