| This study was conducted to investigate different organic fertilizers and matrixmineralization characteristics and nutrient supply and photosynthetic regulatingmechanism of fruit vegetables cultivation, the experiment had studied releasingcharacteristics of nutrient and the relationship between enzymatic activities of sixkinds of organic fertilizers including cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure andcomposting of these and six kinds of formulated fertilizers (vermiculite: perlite=3:1in volume ratio as control; peat: stalk: cow manure: vermiculite=2:2:4:2in volumeratio as T1; vermiculite: peat: chicken manure=5:2.5:2.5in volume ratio as T2;cinder: vermiculite: sheep manure: stalk=3:2:3:2in volume ratio as T3; vermiculite:peat: cow manure: sheep manure=4:4:1:1in volume ratio as T4; cornstalk: beanstalk:sheep manure: chicken manure=2.5:2.5:2.5:2.5in volume ratio as T5) withingredients of peat, straw, composting of cow manure, vermiculite, cinder,composting of sheep manure, composting of chicken manure, cornstalk, beanstalk andperlite during mineralization process. Also, photosynthetic regulating mechanism andnutrient supply ability of six kinds of formulated fertilizers were determined in fruitvegetables (Solanum melongena L、Capsicum annuum L、Lycopersicon esculentumMill) under low irritation and low temperature. The aerobic incubation experimentand glasshouse pot cultural experiment were used in the whole experiment. theamount, rate and residual of mineralization of organic carbon, nitrogen andphosphorus were dynamically determined in the aerobic incubation experiment, aswell as transformation between organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen,transformation between organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus, the dynamicvariation of five kinds of hydrolase activities including urease, alkaline phosphatase,protease, sucrase and invertase and two kinds of oxidordeuctase including catalaseand polyphenol oxidase were determined. The variation of major nutrient offormulated fertilizers and plants cultured with formulated fertilizers under lowirradiance and low temperature conditions during convalescence were detected in thepot cultural experiment, as well as the chlorophyll content of plant leaves, the kinetic curve of rapid fluorescence, diurnal variation of fluorescence parameter,photoresponse and variation of carbon dioxide response. The main results are asfollows:1. There were lager differences on mineralization characteristics between carbonand nitrogen during six kinds of organic fertilizers incubation process. The averagecarbon mineralization accumulation of six kinds of organic fertilizers reached319.72g/kg at the end of incubation, and the order of carbon mineralizationaccumulation was chicken manure＞compost of chicken manure＞sheep manure＞compost of sheep manure＞cow manure＞compost of＞cow manure. The averagecarbon mineralization rate was60.01%, and the order of carbon mineralization ratewas chicken manure＞compost of chicken manure＞sheep manure＞compost ofsheep manure＞cow manure＞compost of＞cow manure. The mineralizationamount of organic nitrogen ranged from4.03g/kg to11.8g/kg, and the order ofmineralization amount of organic nitrogen was chicken manure＞compost of chickenmanure＞sheep manure＞compost of sheep manure＞cow manure＞compost of＞cow manure. The average mineralization rate of organic nitrogen reached32.62%,and the order of it was compost of chicken manure＞chicken manure＞compost ofsheep manure＞sheep manure＞compost of cow manure＞cow manure.2. The organic phosphorus is predominant phosphorus in six kinds of organicfertilizers. The contents, residual and mineralization rate of organic phosphorusgradually declined during incubation, while the content of inorganic phosphorusgradually increased. The order of residual rate of organic phosphorus was cow manure＞compost of sheep manure＞sheep manure＞compost of chicken manure＞chickenmanure＞compost of cow manure. And the order of mineralization rate of organicphosphorus was compost of chicken manure＞chicken manure＞compost of sheepmanure＞compost of cow manure＞cow manure＞sheep manure.3. There were close relationships between enzyme activities and variousnutrients during organic fertilizers and formulated fertilizers incubation process. Theactivities of urease, alkaline phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, sucrase, protease andinvertase are higher during early incubation with large variation, while activities were stationary during late incubation. During whole incubation process, the activities ofalkaline phosphatase, invertase, urease were significantly positively related tonutrients including organic carbon, organic nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus.4. There were also apparent differences on mineralization characteristics betweencarbon and nitrogen during6kinds of formulated fertilizers incubation process. Theorganic carbon mineralization accumulation of T5group was max and CK was minwith range of all treatments from63.13g/kg to527.9g/kg, and the order of organiccarbon mineralization accumulation was T5＞T1＞T2＞T4＞T3＞CK. The averagemonthly mineralization rate of organic carbon of six kinds of formulated fertilizerswas31.77%, and the order of it was T5＞T2＞T1＞T4＞T3＞CK. The averagemineralization amount of organic nitrogen was8.59g/kg with range of all treatmentsfrom0.62g/kg to2.23g/kg, and the order of it was T3﹥T5﹥T1﹥T2﹥T4﹥CK.The average mineralization rate of organic nitrogen was18.37%with range of alltreatments from9.91to37.80g/kg, and the order of it was T2﹥T3﹥T1﹥T4﹥T5﹥CK. The residual rate of organic nitrogen range from17.1%to30.4%, and the order ofit was T3> T2> T1> T4> T5> CK.5. The percentage of organic phosphorus accounting for total phosphorus of6kinds of formulated fertilizers differed in consequence of various C/N ratios. Theaverage mineralization rate of organic phosphorus of T5group was max and CK wasmin with range of residual rate of organic phosphorus of all treatments from20.2%to57.5%in which CK was min and T1was max. The residual rate of organicphosphorus of all treatments exceeded50%except T3and CK groups.6. The activities of urease, alkaline phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, sucrase,protease and invertase are higher during early incubation with large variation, whileactivities were stationary during late incubation. Meanwhile, the seven kinds ofmatrix enzyme activities were significantly positively related to nutrients includingorganic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus in thewhole incubation process.7. The mineral nitrogen content of substrates varied from formulated resourcesand vegetable species (eggplant, tomato, pepper). Compared recovery period with pre-treatment period, T2and T4recipes of eggplant had the greatest change, T2andT5recipes of tomato had maximum variation, T1and T2recipes of pepper had themaximum change. As for NPK use efficiency, T4and T5recipes are good foreggplant, T1and T2recipes for tomato, T2and T4recipes for pepper. But takinglight use range maximum into consideration, T1and T5recipes are good foreggplant, tomato and pepper.Conclusively, it is clear that the contents of organic carbon, nitrogen andphosphorus of6kinds of organic fertilizers and6kinds of formulated fertilizers weredominant factors influencing mineralization of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus.Meanwhile, when nitrogen source and organic phosphorus was sufficient,mineralization of organic nitrogen exceeded biological immobilization of mineralnitrogen. The enzyme activities of organic and formulated fertilizers played a key rolein mineralization and was an important factor influencing nutrient releasing. Duringconvalescence, the severe injury due to stress had been avoided because of releasingnutrient from formulated fertilizers including nitrogen and potassium resulting intimely recovery of photosynthetic capacity of vegetables. |
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