| As a pioneer species for windbreak and sand-fixation, Salix psammophila is uniquescenery in sand area in China, which can effectively control land desertification, soil erosionand desertification, to increase vegetation coverage and improve the local ecologicalenvironment. In recent years, farmer’s living standards improved with the exploration ofenergy resources in sand areas.The farmers living originally on Salix psammophila gradually change their way of lifemake this treasure left without anybody to care for it. In additional, high labor value andtransport cost in sand area, lead to flat stubble rejuvenation of Salix psammophila lags behind,make it in nearly natural growth condition, large area death and sand area bared again withsandstorm phenomenon occurs frequently. At the same time, dry branches are easily to causeforest fires brings huge pressure to local fire disaster prevention.Therefore, seek appropriate efficient utilization way for resource, increase the economicvalues of Salix psammophila make the orderly combination of flat stubble rejuvenation witheffective use and the Salix psammophila growth with farmers’ income, improve theenthusiasm of forest farmer’s management could fully reflect the ecological, economic andsocial value of the Salix psammophila resources.In this paper, Salix psammophila was used as material with four aspects of its stemsnutrients composition, woodchips, mushroom Pleurotus eryngii, mushroom bran weresystematically studied for resource utilization technology, to make more efficient use of largeamounts of this resources, to solve the problem of raw materials on Pleurotus eryngiiproduction and promote to flat stubble rejuvenation of Salix psammophila, to createinnovation of high efficient forestry, and truly achieve the double-win to both ecological andeconomic benefits, also to demonstrate a guide role to development of forestry in desert areas.Use Salix psammophila as a raw material to produce Pleurotus eryngii, systematicallyanalyze key factors of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation from the strain screening, matrix formula,branches wood processing. Determine the optimal strain formula proportion of matrix formula,and the best technological parameter for branche wood processing and finally provide technical reference for Pleurotus eryngii factory production.Research and analyze mushroom Pleurotus eryngii bran secondary using technology,extract SOD process parameters and activated carbon preparation from mushroom bran, andPleurotus eryngii substrate formula, to establish foundation for improving the utilization value,developing high value-append products, producing obvious economic and social benefit, andpromoting industry sustainable development of Salix psammophila. Research results are asfollows:Ⅰ.After analysis of1~6years living branches nutrient composition of Salixpsammophila, results show that the composition of moisture, crude protein, crude fat contentand nitrogen free extraction has a negative correlation of decreased with the increase ofgrowth period. While crude ash and lignin contents increase with the increase of growthperiod show a positive correlation. From a biological comparison,3~4years old branchesare best, in fairly moisture, crude fat, crude ash and nitrogen free extract content, withmoisture0.94%, crude fat0.72%, crude ash and nitrogen free extract0.09%. Therefore, fromthe comprehensive evaluation of the ecology and biology and nutrition content, the bestmowing period should be in3or4years.Ⅱ.Through comparison of nutrients and harmful heavy metal content of3years oldbranches of Salix psammophila, Apple and grape, found that apple branches has the highestwater content followed by Salix psammophila and grape stems and branches; Crude fiber andlignin content from high to low in turn for Salix psammophila, grape and apple. Crude protein,fat and ash content are highest in apple branches and lowest in grape with medium in Salixpsammophila. Nitrogen free extract content is opposite to crude protein, fat and ash content,grape branch is highest, Salix psammophila in middle and apple’s is lowest. Four kinds ofheavy metals of lead, cadmium, mercury and arsenic content in Salix psammophila lower thanthat in apple and vines branches, while the heavy metal chromium content is the higher inSalix psammophila than equal content in apple grape branches.Ⅲ.Based on multiple characters quantitative analysis of nine strains, using the fuzzyevaluation method evaluate mushroom Pleurotus eryngii strains comprehensive performance,the results show great production difference in different mushroom. The X7strain provided byEdible Fungi Institute of Science and Technology College of Northwest A&F University is theoptimal strains with biological efficiency85.27%on average, mycelium growth faster, earlierfruiting body differentiation, growth fast, short production cycle, growth in order, fruitingbody average length is20.15cm, consistent growth, easily management and unified collectionand good product performance.Ⅳ.By adopting ternary quadratic orthogonal regression design, ratio of mixing method to establish mathematical model for Salix psammophila wood clip-mushroom Pleurotuseryngii production, to achive best prescription of Salix psammophila sawdust to cultivatemushroom Pleurotus eryngii. The best recipe for evaluation index of fresh yield weight isbran11.79%, corn flour5.43%, soybean meal8.79%and Salix psammophila sawdust74.04%. Using this formula the Pleurotus eryngii production cycle is49d, fresh weighs362.13g, length18.46cm, stipe thick6.35cm, fruit body density0.71g cm-3.Ⅴ.Through research and analysis of of different granularity of Salix psammophilabranches, cultivation matrix, different fermentation time density and moisture contentinfluencing Pleurotus eryngii growth period, yield and morphological characteristics, theresults show that the grinding size is7mm, fermentation time is12d, each containing350gin weight matrix, cultivation substrate moisture content of66%is the best culture conditions.Pilot production test show that the average mushroom growth cycle is43.5d, average freshweight is345.78g, average17.21cm in length, average stipe diameter of5.38cm, averagebody density of0.66g cm-3,The entire hair fungus mycelium production stage, differentiationstage, fruit body growth and development are consistent, facilitate unified management andharvesting, provide a reference basis for the mushroom factory production.Ⅵ.Bacterial chaff nutrients content is moisture18.36%, crude fiber54.28%and lignin25.14%, crude protein9.62%, crude fat4.37%, crude ash5.82%, nitrogen free extract7.28%,heavy metal content of lead1.02mg·kg-1, cadmium0.09mg·kg-1, chr-ome0.88mg·kg-1,mercury0.14mg·kg-1and arsenic0.19mg·kg-1, showed that the moisture content, crude fiberand lignin, crude protein and fat content were significantly higher in bacterial chaff than thatin Salix psammophila branches, especially the crude protein and fat contents increased, theincreased of crude protein isnearly two times, the largest increased of crude fat is55.52%,respectively. Four kinds elements content of lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, arsenic inbacterial chaff is slightly lower than in Salix psammophila wood branches.Ⅶ.Bacterial chaff secondary utilization technology results:(1) The fungus chaff is used as raw material, water oscillation extraction and toluenewall broken were adopted to separate and extract pure natural superoxide dismutase (SOD),the test results showed that the extract pH7.6, wall broken temperature25℃for40min,extracting time50min is the best extraction technology parameters, the extract pH had thegreatest influence on SOD activity, followed by extracting time, fermentation time, wallbroken temperature and time. Within the test scope, the extraction yield of SOD is0.31g·Kg-1,enzyme activity of769.57U/mg, explain superoxide dismutase (SOD) content is high andactive in mushroom Pleurotus eryngii chaff mycelium is stronger, has the very gooddevelopment and utilization value. （2）Bacterial chaff as raw material, steam activation method was used to prepareactivated carbon from bacterial chaff shell, the experimental results showed that the activationtemperature850℃, the activation time of120min, the steam flow rate20m L·min-1is thebest process parameters. Validation using the process parameters, the results showed that thebacterial chaff activated carbon yield48.11%, slightly lower than Salix psammophila woodclip yield (50.37%); The iodine adsorption value of1009.09mg·g-1. There are a lot of big poreand micropore were observed on the activated carbon surface under electron microscopy, porestructure is obvious, greatly increase the specific surface area and adsorption ability andactive strengthening.（3）Using ternary quadratic orthogonal regression design and by the method of ratiomixture, the optional combination of four factors bacterial chaff, bran, cotton seed shells andSalix psammophila wood clip in Pleurotus eryngii cultivation material were analyzed, theresults show that under the optimal cultivation material contain bacterial chaff46.68%, bran12.83%, cotton seed shells46.68%and Salix psammophila wood clip5.29%, the freshmushroom weight is298.46g and biological efficiency is76.51%. |
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