The Studies On Criticism Of Li Changzhi

In the criticism history of Chinese modern literature, Li changzhi is a critic who has own criticism characteristic. His criticism practice had thick feature of literature criticism and literature history on research. Li changzhi had specializes both in literary criticism monograph《the spirit of criticism》, and had the collection of literature criticism《the bitter fog set》、《the dream raining set》, etc. Because of the historical reasons, the academic circles had the lack of research on the critics which in the unique character, his theory threw light long-term flooded. Based on the criticism practice of Li changzhi, I will try to analysis his criticism stylistic features, and discuss his criticism thought of Chinese literary theory construction in the contemporary and the future which with the enlightenment and reference. This paper will discuss the style feature of Li changzhi criticism, and combine the literary theory, attempt to summarize the type of Li changzhi critical style, and analysis the inheritance of Chinese traditional criticism style, compare the criticism character of Li changzhi with other critics, discusses the criticism of western literary theories, especially the absorption of Germany’s classical philosophy, and discusses the modern value of Li changzhi critical style. This paper is divided into five parts:The first chapter will conclude the type of Li changzhi’s critical style. In the criticism history of Chinese modern literature, Li changzhi is a critic who has own criticism characteristic, and he is the one of the most prolific scholars and critics in contemporary. His works involve in literary creation, literary theory and literary criticism, history, philosophy, aesthetics, painting, translation, etc. Among them, Li changzhi is well versed in critical style, especially concerning paper style, biography style, book view style, formed his critical practice special style. The paper style criticism of Li changzhi had always advocate "feelings", and"experience" throughout his criticism spirit, and with critics self feelings to examine criticism subject. Meanwhile, in the paper style, Li changzhi also did not abandon the intelligence, but advocate feeling and rational coexist criticism. The paper style of Li changzhi of language is full, which unify the skills and content harmoniously together. Li changzhi’s biography criticism use the fact of the literary biography flexiblely and smartly, which made fresh faces presented that announcing the reader’s presence. Li changzhi just by this veritable "criticism spirit" and facts principles to create biography criticism which had considerable reading value. Li changzhi’s book reviews had the base of theory system, and had rich publications for practice, so it made a great contribution to the book review research of modern and contemporary Chinese criticism.Li changzhi’s book review pay attention to the choice of criticism angle of the social culture, including the exploring on social culture, comprehensive study on the criticism subject, and reviewing for language criticism perspective. The book review of Li changzhi display diverse criticism style and criticism methods, such as making comment on the people and the world, transverse and longitudinal, analog and contrast criticism methods, etc.Chapter 2 will discusses the inheritance of Li changzhi on critical style of Chinese traditional. First, I will explore the poetry style, which from prose of poetic, styles of modernization, the dramatic color to launch, and then I will discuss the author dialogue style which from The Times characteristic epistolary, public opinion expression, communicate to unfold, finally is from those body, attach more importance to the original introduction, reflect writers and works of rigorous style, exquisite text to interpret. Essays style is Chinese traditional critical style, an important form of the optional and freedom for the numerous ancient scholars characteristics of consumers. Li changzhi critical style of the advantage of bold inherit essays style, according to the article, the different contents of supplied postscript leeway to express impromptu comprehension, mobilize the enthusiasm of the readers. Li changzhi poetry style to musical dissection, which made the poem reader introduce his poems of expression attention in moral. The biggest difference between this kind of thinking mode and the traditional thinking is that:the meaning unit of poems no longer restricted to word, phrase, sentence, but extended to sentence group, paragraphs, sections; Thus in the result process is no longer constrained at concretization of honor, which can be worthy of honor, also can be worthy, the key is added on unloaded the negative tired, and reproduce true to me. Li changzhi’s poetry style is multiplied, the dialogue, actions, "poem" narrative enhanced with "play" appear a certain degree of arts. Li changzhi’s dialogue style is the communication between mind and readers, not a single heart monologue, but both sides spiritual collision, with strong interactivity. He introduces the reader to those body value the characteristics of original distinguished right from wrong, Li changzhi generally from original to grasp it in a few sentences, the characteristics of readers works to introduce, not only get bogged down in the details, or careful analysis.The third chapter will compare Li changzhi’s criticism style with other critics. Li changzhi’s criticism style not only build up his own style characteristic, but also experience the collision of the era and influence. Li changzhi’s criticism style have the style of Beijing criticism, and demographic characteristics distinguish with left-wing literature criticism. In Lu Xun’s research, biography criticism exploration distinguished right from wrong, Li changzhi criticism stylistic flashing dazzling rays of light. Beijing critics of Li changzhi, Zhu guangqian, Shen congwen, who can rationally absorb western culture and at the same time to inherit and carry forward Chinese traditional culture, the more likely to the Chinese and western culture fusion. They have no rejects traditional blindly, nor copied western rational science, but to assimilate complement each other. Li jianwu, Shen congwen, and Li changzhi etc, who take emphasizes on the art critics bridging instinctive revelation. In criticizing practice, they take aesthetic experience and art intuition relates in together, to the body, to the way the heart examination of perception, experience object, their criticism stylistic mostly fresh and accurately grasp the essence of criticism object. Starting from the writer’s creation personality, to explore the text characteristic, this is a kind of intuition synthesis esthetic investigation, that use art works’s point of view. In the home with distinguished right from wrong, Li changzhi criticism of criticism concept has many similarities, they are against literature political utilitarian, tend to emotional and rational accommodation. Li changzhi and Chang Feng have common in that they pay attention to the intervention of the critical style, but intervention strikingly are in different ways. Chang Feng often with "the text type" method, this paper explores its social environment characters which reflected image feature and writer spiritual world, he pay attention to search for knowledge, and character analysis which criticize text in combine closely, slowly the ways. And Li changzhi criticism style is to grasp the object, ignore small keep; Grasp the essence of criticism object, ignore other detail. In the 1930s, China’s rapid rise of proletarian revolution, when literary become class struggle tools, class theory and literary tools theory is flooding. Leftist critics Mao Dun, Zhou Yang’s literary thought inherited the may 4th movement "for the life", "improved the life", emphasize the era of traditional literature and social themes, especially pay attention to the social utility of literature with the class. The same period as "feelings Li changzhi type" for criticism standards, shows independent, personalized academic style. In Lu Xun’s study, critics Mao Dun, Qu qiubai, Feng xuefeng complicity to focus on Lu Xun’s thoughts, especially emphasizes the Lu Xun’s essays on social thought significance as well as the political value of proletarian revolution, they think this is a kind of the needs of The Times, so their fighting spirit with utilitarianism. And Ye gongchao, Li changzhi focus on super, Lu Xun’s emotional attention distinguished right from wrong, Li changzhi is put forward the shocking "warrior, poet theory", which provide Lu Xun study for new ideas and have the groundbreaking significance.The fourth chapter will discuss Li changzhi criticism of western literary theories on Li changzhi style, and the influence of the use of German classical spirit. Li changzhi criticism by western literature especially Germany style of classical philosophy, the specific performance in its revelation to perfect understanding and practice of biography criticism. Li changzhi’s criticism absorb the Germany style of classical philosophy, especially Germany humanities spirit of human respect to individuality, freedom, noble and perfect personality appeal. Li changzhi also absorb Germany thinker, such as Wilhelm von Humboldt, Johann Joachim Winckelman, Holderlin, Schiller, Kant humanistic thoughts, the specific meaning of perfect were analyzed. Li changzhi classical spirit of the use of German humanities embodied in their criticism of the features, the style is the most effective is the biography criticism. It is found that the distinguished right from wrongof li changzhi biography criticism practice, permeated the German classic humanistic values, including:classical spirit and romantic personality isomorphism, human magnificence of beautiful sex and sexual theory and aesthetic personality comment; Spirit history method and biography critical style and the practice of the language view. The core of the spirit of Li changzhi’s biography criticism core is romantic. Li changzhi "romance" notice with ideal, this belief with German classical thought is consistent. He valued announcing the sincere feelings and perfect personality, is the best embody romantic spirit. However, in Li changzhi biography criticism, there is a word which is paratactic romantic, namely:classical. Li changzhi biography criticism of the legality of the classical establishment, and warm praise. Li changzhi biography criticism in the history of using spiritual perspective, is unique and have broad vision, it can be said that he created a new and profound biography style, it inherit the awakening of the may fourth new culture movement of people in self-reflection proposition, the way, national culture reflection can go further. Li changzhi absorption Humboldt’s theory of language experience with the language concept, linked to national culture spirit to study.The fifth chapter will summarize the modern value of Li changzhi critical style. Li changzhi criticism style, inherit the traditional Chinese culture, and absorb the western literary theory.Nowaday, in the cultural transformation, it have profound realistic significance, show special modern value. Especially Li changzhi’s independent academic character, deep aesthetic humanities, science criticism norms, experience, show the criticism, etc, unique perspective with advanced consciousness, these critical theory provides many for today’s circle the beneficial reference. As a critic distinguished right from wrong, Li changzhi have intelligence and elegant demeanour, he not only pay attention to traditional culture, but also good at absorbing western literary theory, and cherish independence and freedom academic personality and eccentric critics demeanor. At the beginning of the 20th century, critics dominated the utilitarian criticism left, this criticism evaluate the characteristics of literature, rational writers and works to spare and the feelings is insufficient, commonly used rational utilitarianism, overcome and inhibit their feelings and impulsive, even some made literary criticism of literary works of equivalent of analysis, the writer class authorial standpoints class nature judgment, regard the relative standards. Comments works of Li changzhi is not like most of the researchers that focuses on the outlook and political stance writer judgement, but from the characteristics of literature itself, highly stressed literature aesthetic independence, firmly opposed literary creation and criticism of the functional conception. Because Germany classic of humanistic spirit by distinguished right from wrong, Li changzhi pays attention to the influence of the aesthetic connotation of text in human relationships, literature and life on the literature distinguished right from wrong, Li changzhi aesthetic with human emotion is connected, he’s most distinctive personality theory criticism is based on the writer subject strong individual character strength and distinct individual vitality for aesthetic criticism, by yourself out of his precise and penetrating, and demonstrated their unique aesthetic ideas. He think that literature criticism should always be particular around works itself, both the artistic criticism, and stressing criticism, will realize the perceptual and the rational scientific, so as to achieve the combination of the integration of both and beyond, it is the standard of Li changzhi’s criticism that enlighten the contemporary literary critics.