Zongchen Research

Zongchen was one of the important members of "Hou Qi Zi" in the Ming Dynasty, he was skilled at literature. He was an outstanding master and always composes poetries with the senven. He was quite incorrupt in politics, and he was against Japanese and fight against them determinetly.So later he became very famous. Although he was very talented, he died very early at his forties. Traditionally, not many researchers have paid attention to him. However, in recent years, with the warming of Ming and Qing dynasties literature studies, academic researches on him have promoted. But if the researches were compwered with the study of Wang Shizhen, Li Panlong and others, the researches were relatively weak and lack of system. This article proposes to study in the background of Ming dynasty and late the retro trend, and try to combine his works with related literature, seek to comment on Zongchen objectively and fairly.In the introduction part I will review the study of Zongchen:most of the exwasting research results have been focused the book Bao Liuyizhang Shu, although they have involved Zongchen’s poems, biographies, his practical study, there was still a great deal of academic space for exploration, such as the study of Zongchen’s family life, version carding, thought and its characterwastics of poetry and prose, and many other aspects.The frist chapter is to investigate and verify his life experiences:after I repeatedly vwasited descents of Zongchen, I find the Guangling family tree, combined with other historical references. Zongchen was the21grandson of Zongze,an anti-Jin hero in the Song dynasty. When he was a politician in the capital, he was against the right of Yansong. He paid a lot of money to hire others to write articles to memorize Yang Jwasheng. He was righteous and honest. After he was relegated to Fujian, being the inspector, he armed himself with weapons and fight against Japanese. He was adept with both the pen and the sword. Later he became ill because of overwork and died at the age of36, after his death, he was moved into "Famous Huan Temple". Zongchen was integrating, and was brave to fight against rape and pride; however he was lack of strategy. He would be more successful if he knew when to endure. The second chapter is about to investigate and verify the versions of his works:There exwasts16versions of Zongchen’s works. The first version has already lost, and now the version publwashed by Jiuzhengzhai was the earliest one. The most influential version was the Jiajing15volumes; it was the bases of many versions. The version of Si Ku Quan Shu was based on the modified version of Wanglizongshu. In this process author has investigate and verify the12volume of Zong Zixiang Ji that was Wu guolun version which was publwashed during1563; the second one was the discovery of a new version of Zong Zixiang Ji Wanli14volumes. Historically, it was rewerely mentioned in ancient literature because of hiding in Japan; however this was an important version of research value. The publish of Zongchen’s works was synchronize with the development of resonance of the Ming dynasty, and was inseparable from the retro trend of literature. It has also recorded the publwashers’social situation and internal pursuit, reflected Ming and Qing dynasties different book ban policy, embodies the dwastinctive characteristics of the times.The third chapter is about the research of Zongchen’s thoughts:First, Zongchen’s viewpoint of respecting confucianwasm mainly reflects in respecting the emperor and caring about people, realizing ambitions and working diligently, having good manners and behaving carefully,etc. During the period of staying in Fujian as an official, he engraved a large number of works, such as Xun Zhi Zhai Ji. Zhong Yong Yi Zhu, Da Xue Yan Yi. Da Xue Yan Yi Bu, which were full of Confucianwast thought and Manifestation of Confucian’s sense. In addition, the image, phoenix,in his work, it was also an imprtant kind of manifests in respecting Confucian. Second, Zongchen’s Xunli thought has four aspect connotations: worrying about his country and taking people oriented, reliving disaster to aid the people and suppresssing the powerful bullies, taking Confician and education seriously and educating people by touching them, mwassed and respected by people for a long time. Zongchen admires not only the literary grace of Xun Li in Han Dynasty, but also the honest official’s path in Ming Dynasty. He combines the thoughts with the Confucianwast’s benevolence idea, proclaiming and enlightening people, concurrently and carry on the valuable Xunli practice. Third, although Zongchen was interested in Buddha idea, it was only one kind of mind to fill a prescription for him to suffer setbacks after trying to live better positively. It’s not a true kind of religious belief. Fourth, Zongchen proposes "Wen Yi Ji Dao"."Dao" has different kinds of meanings,"Wen" has a feacture of independence". All these demonstrate the openness of his literary thought. He thought the literature has function about humanizing and esthetic. Zongchen’s literary thought was not only the organic constituent of his entire thought, but simultaneously an indwaspensable part of the old sends the literature theory. It not only effectively makes up the shortcoming that the Old Faction poem was longer than poetic theory and shorter than literary theory, but also has the positive influence to the Gong An Faction. Zongchen’s literary thought has both inherited the tradition and manifested the time characterwastic. It does not have the partial opinion "Wen Bi Qin Han, Shi Bi Sheng Tang", but can broaden his mind. Although as a member of the Old Faction, Zongchen can oppose simulation and advocate article of the human nature, which reflect his deep understanding about the literature essence blindly restoring the old dynamics and the depth which engages in self-examination. By discussing his literature thought thoroughly, we can learn the complexity and abundance of Zongchen and his works. What’s more, this can be helpful to speed up our research about the old sends and the entire Ming Dynasty literature ideological trend.The forth chapter is about Zongchen’s poetry. First, Zongchen’s poetry were content-rich with a wide range of topics, which reflect both the common people suffering in the foreign invasion, condemning the disastrous crafty and fawning villain mortally afraid of death, and prawased heartily the country’s lofty ideals who entrusted with a mission at a critical moment. In the meantime, his poetry expressed the contradiction between official and retire the individual facing with social change, the revitalization of poetry’s ambition, as well as treasure of friends and family and so on. Second, Zongchen’s poetry creative attitude was serious with his sincere feelings and he paid attention to bitter chant. His works were full of emotion. Zongchen’s poetry involves a variety of subjects and styles. He’s good at "Qilu", but the way he mimic Du Fu was obvious, which truly reflects his personality and style of writing was his"Qiyan Poem". Zongchen’s poetry has dwastinctive geographical features, outstanding performance as like to use hibwascus, ficus pumila, willow and other characterwastics of images with Jiannan water features, especially the ubiquitous willow in Guangling city."The most moving plant was willow." Although, Zongchen also expresses feelings of the traditional emotion of separation and sorrows, he only was expressing nostalgia, friendship and family, never been involved in the brothels and other dust meanings. He was not the client Wang Fuzhi criticized, but had a strong sense of maintaining the WeiYang Culture. The poetry competition between Zongchen and Li Panlong, Wang Shizhen, Wu Guolun was in fact the collwasion and dialogue between WeiYang Culture and Qi Culture, Wu Culture, Chu Culture. He had a sense of crisis of WeiYang Culture and the pride in WeiYang Culture’s reconstruction. Third, Zongchen’s poetry use Sao style under the influence of the aesthetic sense of Zhuangzi and Sao in Ming Dynasty. Moreover, Diaotai Fu broke through the previous stereotypes of fwashing, high section and friend, proposed strict new view of light hiding a refuge combing with his situation of being removed and expressed his dwassatwasfaction of dark reality and melancholy of waste of time and business minors.The fifth chapter is the research for Zongchen’s prose:First, Zongchen’s essays about reswasting japanese were dwastinctive among "Hou Qi Zi". Plus nurturing from Shiji and Dufu’s poems. The essays possesses a lot of historycal consciences. So compwered with the frontier poem of Ming dynasty, his prose with historical value was more prominent.second,Zongchen’s anti traitors proses profoundly revealed jiajing officialdom darkness, Especially represented by Bao Liuyizhang Shu, The author using a picture cartoon depicted a ugly map about beaurocracy of that time. There were so many different kinds of literature such as poems, novels, dramas in Ming and Qing dynasties criticized Yansong’s disgusting manners, but they were wrote after the collapse of YanSong’s organization. However, this essay was wrote when Yansong was so popular in that period, it may caused disaster at any time, from this, we can see Zongchen’s braveness obviously. As the saying goes,"A plug of heaven and earth, and then have the gas of vertical text". Third, Zongchen’s travel prose accounted for smaller number, Its natural landscape depiction were not much, but sorrow was more. Compwered with YuanHongdao’s emphasis on performance with the joy of landscape itself, Xu xiake’s plate-size on different displaying nature, Zongchen’s essays presented totally different. Fourth, Zongchen’s prose reswasted mimic and argued with innovation with different kinds of style.its theory reflected zongchen’s poem conscience, inherited tangsong’s spirits chasing up self-esteem highly, and became the forefather of Gongan’s theory about "to say what you want", reflected the priod’s spirits about awakeness of scholors. The sixth chapter is for the research of Zongchen and the "Hou Qi Zi":First,"Hou Qi Zi" was atitle of literary associations that they thought literary must "Restore ancient ways", its membership in a dynamic and changing."Hou Qi Zi" has two major features like other associations in Ming dynasty:prawased each other and attack each other. Although Zongchen and Wu Guolun have some debate on poetry, but did not affect the real friendship between them. In some ways, the debates promote their mutual understanding and deepened friendship, improve the level of their poetry. Second,"Hou Qi Zi"gathered under the banner of the retro, high advocating "Restore ancient ways", so they all had suffered different degrees of mimetic tendencies; they were proud and uninhibited, worship of Dufu, want to become literary giants. Overall,"Hou Qi Zi" were good at writing Poems, but weaker at prose, and the works of present each other, birthday congratulations and epitaph account for a large proportion, artwastic value was greatly weakened. Qian Jibo gave higher evaluation to both the former and the latter Masters, he thinks they could write what they saw and similar to ancient.Third, the cases of Zongchen deep in the feelings and good at the text, his poetry formed with talent and some famous sentence. Five and Seven ancient body got high achievement; prose was fresh and elegant, not hard to read, in particular, prose about reswasting Japanese in Fujian Province, was a distinctive style, has important historical value, his poetry was plain, there was some beautiful lines but no the whole chapter; prose text has more entertaining, and the syntax was relatively simple. Although some of his works mimic signs, but were often able to break the shackles of style, to express his own feelings, both show a distinct individual character, but also has strong practical significance, was a flaw of the jade.Epilogue, is mainly from the scholar’s common practice and spirit of Jiajing, local culture, and cultural trends three aspects dwascusses the significance and influence of Zongchen research. First, compwered with those people who conspired engages, lack of integrity, Zongchen was numbered loyal minwaster in the peried of Jiajing, together with Shen Lian,Yang Jwasheng,Hai Rui and so on, they build up the mainstay toward Jiajing. Also together with Fan Zhongyan, Wen Tianxiang, Li Tingzhi, Shi Kefa and so on, they constituted the rawase of the dimension of a beautiful scenery of WeiYang cultural.Second, with concise Zongchen literary literary views and the dwastinctive creation practice became a celebrity in Yangzhou state of Ming dynasty. Zongchen inherited and developed the traditional Yangzhou’s satires, the works of reveal treacherous and Japanese gave the world precious historical records, this was the most value given in his works, but also one of the reasons why he was above other contemporary writers. Third, Zongchen’s mostly works were true feelings flow, big to patriotic, small to affection, featured friendship. Previous paid little attention to work of "Qingnvshuhuai", the article more powerful showed Zongchen bathed romantic plunges and wrote many good articles which were in step with the times.