Archaeological Research On The Tombs Of Han Dynasty In Shandong District

The study of Han culture has gone through more than half a century with a course of continuous creation, from the first collation of various material data of the united empire to the unceasing development of every specialized field, and then switch to the thorough study of the uniformity and the regional characteristic of Han cultural circle. In recent years, the archaeological discussions of the formation and the basic features of Han culture have gradually earned attention. Especially the discussions of the cultural characteristics and the forming process of the regional Han culture are orderly proceeded. The research of this paper is expanded in this context.This paper generalizes the basic features of Han culture of Shandong region, selecting the Han tombs’data of Shandong Province, on the basis of clearing the related notion, analyzing the structure of tombs and burial accessories, and building the chronological periods and subregions of tombs. Through the comparing with the Han culture of other regions, we analyze the formation and development of this region; summarize the generality with other regions and the features of this region; and try to find the reasons behind these questions.This The first part is the introduction. This part includes the background and brief history of the study of Han tombs as well as the Han tombs of Shandong Province, the clarification of related notion, and the research ideas of this paper. The study of Han tombs is always the important part of the archaeology of Han dynasty. Because of the reason in the history, the tradition of the study of Han tombs has slightly changed from the established in50years last century. With the gradually increase of the data, connotative meaning, and the deepening of the study level, the angle and mentality of the study of Han tombs have produced a request to deepen it, with the new method. This paper develops the basic research on the Han tombs of Shandong Province on the basis of referencing these excellent achievements. paper is divided into five parts.The second part is Chapter I:the distinction of the structures of tombs. This part includes the confirmation and explanation of notion on all kinds of the structure of tombs, the clarification of fuzzy notion, and then further divides the structures of outer coffin tombs and chambered tombs in Shandong region. We try to improve the method of neglecting space elements and arrangement of these elements, which exists for a long time, and present the principle of classification including the transition type of lateral building chambered tombs, chambered tombs with multi-axle and multi- allocation. From this, we guide the classification of structures of tombs to a new field, which distinguishes the spaces of placing coffin or placing burial accessories and analyzes their relations. This lay a foundation for us to understand the formation of Han system in the whole region of Han culture.The third part is Chapter Ⅱ:the periodization and time estimated of Han tombs in Shandong region. Principally according to the systematization of burial accessories and the structures of tombs, this part establishes the time series of all kinds of characteristics; summarizes the features and relations of every stage; distinguishes the different stage of developments; generalizes the change of Han culture in archaeology with tombs at the centre.The forth part is Chapter Ⅲ:the regional division of Han tombs in Shandong region. On the basis of analysis on burial accessories and structures of tombs, this part establishes two notions of "Lubei" and "Lu’nan", clearing their respective characters and development courses. Based on this, we develop the comparative study to make a regional analysis on the features of Han tombs of the eastern region which is west to Central Plains, north to "Jizhong", and south to "Xuzhou", summarizing the degree and pathway of their interaction.The fifth part is Chapter Ⅳ:conclusion. This part summarizes the basic features of Shandong region in the stage of formation and transformation of Han culture, and gets the characteristics of formation of Han system in this region.