In Northeast Area Flood And Social Coping Research (1644-1911)

The frequent flood in northeast region in Qing Dynasty, especially in the late QingDynasty, with the Northeast regional development, in the development of economy at thesame time, the ecological environment is gradually destroyed, flood occurred more frequently,to the small-scale peasant economy, people’s life and social stability have a great effect. Thisarticle from the regional economic history and social history of region perspective, exploresthe Qing Dynasty northeast area flood and strike of smallholder economy, the daily life of thevictims, social conflict, government and private relief measures and coping, understand andgrasp interactions between the flood and regional economy, the socity, thus to NortheastChina in Qing Dynasty regional flood and its influence of economy, society, and governmentadministration, civil relief community coping have relatively system, comprehensiveunderstanding, tries to reveal the flood under the influence of politics, economy and northeastof social life changes, and summarize the historical experiences and lessons for futureprevention, relief and social security system construction to offer beneficial history to drawlessons from. In addition to the full text of the introduction to chapter six:The first chapter makes a comprehensive study in northeast area flood, flood type ofstatistical distribution and flood characteristics are summarized, introduces the floodoccurrence condition, and analyzes the causes of disaster. Think in northeast area floodsoccurred frequently, wide distribution, large regional differences; flood, affected a wide range;disaster causes, not only of climate change, such as geographical environment, natural factors,and population growth, land reclamation, deforestation, water, war, tyranny lax etc.The second chapter discusses the flood in northeast area of smallholder economy blow,labor resources are destroyed, agricultural production is destitute, business tax Xiao reduction.Think in Northeast China in the Qing Dynasty is with farming give priority to smallholdereconomy society, disaster prevention, disaster ability is weak, once the floods, will bedestroyed agriculture, not only the phagocytosis of numerous people and animals, causeagricultural labor shortage, and inundated farmland, the destruction of crops, caused landbarren, grain crop production, crop failure, resulting in business depression, tax reduction, tonational economy caused serious losses.The third chapter discusses the flood victims living in northeast area of effect. Thatfloods on the survival of human harm is the greatest, frequent floods affected people’s life andsurvival, leading to the survival of the deterioration of the environment, lack of material life,people living in dire. After flood disaster everywhere "refugee everywhere, cry from hungerand cold,"" people starved to death are everywhere, heaps of corpses surplus wild ", victimswithout clothing without food, starved to death, death, death of meet the eye everywhere, themajority of victims on the verge of death, life is miserable.The fourth chapter discusses in northeast area flood caused by the social conflict, snatchthe grain, have a famine, Kangjuan, Daolve activity is frequent, intensified the social crisis. Think in the northeast region in Qing Dynasty especially big flood, some lose theirnormal life order, began marauding, snatch the grain, have a famine, Kangjuan, Daolveactivities continue to occur, thereby disrupting the normal social order, cause social disorder,resulting in turbulent society, which has affected the social mechanisms of normal operation,the destruction of human society the development and the progress of civilization.The fifth chapter discusses the northeast region in Qing Dynasty government adopted aseries of relief measures, including relief, eliminate corrosion, fair selling porridge factory,wide application, the establishment of loan, the series ’, work for the Dole and other reliefmeasures against natural disasters, and storage, water conservancy, afforestation and so ondisaster prevention and mitigation measures, and the effectiveness of disaster relief theanalysis of. Think of these remedies, alleviated on certain level of disaster economic loss,save, save the daily life of the victims, stable social order, has played a positive role. Butbecause of the Qing Dynasty smallholder society to resist natural disaster ability is weak, andthe officials to report false disaster, corruption is serious, the government financial resourcesis limited, and therefore can not fundamentally solve the famine brings to people life all sortsof difficulties.The sixth chapter discusses the Northeast China in the Qing Dynasty folk assistance, including the establishment of charity, with civilian positions, such as organising charity relief. Think in the Qing Dynasty smallholder society, only rely on the government relief can not completely solve the problem. So, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty in the full play to the functions of the government at the same time, also actively encourage and promote folk self‐help. The majority of victims in order to save their own, often organized spontaneously to each other mutual aid, all sectors of the community have also organized various forms of nongovernmental relief, relief jimin.In the epilogue in northeast area flood and economic, social interaction between relations are summarized, some conclusions are obtained historic enlightenment, proposed the corresponding solution countermeasure. That floods occur continuously, inevitable; to do a good job in the work of disaster prevention and reduction, the key is to perfect the relief system, scientific rescue.