A Study Of Northeast Activities Of Private Ginseng Picking And Management In The Early Qing Dynasty(1644-1795)

It is the first time that the Qing Dynasty create ginseng management system in China’s history,monopolize the exploitation and circulation of ginseng.In the Qing Dynasty,the expanding ginseng market drove the price of ginseng to rise,and further promoted the ginseng producing area--the northeast region appear the ginseng private picking activity.The official ginseng planing system has undergone several major changes.First the pick system is the eight banners divide mountain pick ginseng system,after Kangxi period strengthening the imperial power,add the three banners shengjing coating system.In the end of emperor Kangxi,the people began to be able to have the ticket which can join in ginseng picking activity.Eight years of Yongzheng to Nine years of Qianlong is special,take effect the implementation of the government-businessman system.Until Nine years of Qianlong of the establishment of the ginseng bureau,marking the peak of the participation system.One of the main reasons for the change of policy in the official ginseng mining system is to deal with the new form of ginseng,to protect the government’s monopoly on ginseng.The activities of the private picking ginseng are different in different periods.The form of the Shunzhi to Kangxi is relatively simple.The people are mainly interested in climbing up the hill in private and the taking other people into the hill.During the Yongzheng period,there appeared some complex forms such as fake ginseng and harboring ginseng mountain.The reign of Qianlong is the period of the most form of the private ginseng activity,and the more ginsengman is resisting for management in the case of private ginseng.In order to manage the private picking activities in northeast China,the Qing government issued corresponding management measures from two aspects of law and administration,the relevant laws were constantly improved during the Shunkangyong period and finally formed a complete system in the Qianlong period.set up local officers and soldiers’ rewards and punishment mechanism,set up the side of the wiper,strengthen the patrolling of the border guards,and continuously add Karen to the main road of ginseng hill and traffic.Because of the high price of ginseng,although the qing government started from strict management of official picking ginseng,establishing legal system and establishing administrative measures,it was still unable to control private picking activities.