An Exploration On Urbanization And Urban Modernization By Chinese Elite From1900to1937

1900-1937is an important period of urban development period in modern China. As the Chinese urban development, a lot of culture elites and political elites make a deep lasting thought about "city". On the one hand, they found the world and china had entered an "urban" age. The urban development made many modern Chinese scholars interest in this historical phenomenon. On the other hand, they had presented their views on the historical role of urban culture and the difference between urban culture and rural culture.The period of1900-1937is not only the most rapid urban development period, but also the period of Chinese municipal movement. The studying and spreading of the western advanced city management ideal, the Chinese municipal planning and a multitude of municipal scholars of the Republic of China also came from this period. The had tried to study the western advanced municipal planning ideals and the municipal management experiences, in order to find a road for Chinese urbanization which contains city system, city design, city management and culture construction, etc. The characters of Chinese municipal view were "Municipal" always associated with "National Policy" and anti-capitalism.However, as the development of china urbanization had processed in imbalance world system, its development always presented abnormal characters. In the real world, Chinese culture elites were not satisfied with the state of the urban development. They had fiercely exposed and criticized the "urban disease" of China, just as polarization, the retarded citizen custom and the vulgar urban culture, etc. They had analyzed the reason of Chinese "urban disease" from the level of Chinese urban development, the invasion of foreign capitalism and the management of municipal.When the ideal of "urban" suffered setbacks in the "city", the thought of "to the countryside" have raised step by step. A part of scholars had actively discussed urban-countryside relationship, in order to rebuild the better foundation of the city modernization. This means that a part of scholars had made the city and countryside into an organic integral. At the same time it means a part of elites had adjusted their viewpoint from the top down, they had jumped the view of "city" centered, gone to the extensive countryside to find the support of the modernization. During the exploring, there was the view of "returning to countryside" and "anti-urbanization". There views offer the Chinese city modernization a profound enlightenment.