The Study Of Chinese Culture Trade Structures

Since the 21 st century, character of integration of global economy and culture is a product of human society into a certain stage, and it is also inevitably the development of human civilization. Culture and economy are fused closely and influenced each other. Among them, as a new form of international trade, culture trade has become an important part of international trade, and it has double meaning of economy and culture. In 2012 the report of 18 th national congress of the communist party of china clearly pointed out:We effectively promote socialist cultural power construction. Culture is blood of a nation and spirit homeland of people. We fully achieve building a well-off society and realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and enhance the overall strength and competitiveness of the culture. We will further open the culture sector to foreign competition and actively absorb excellent cultural achievements abroad. In 2014 culture sector work is focused on: it will continuously improve the level of culture opening. Adhere to the government-led, social participation, market operation, the government and the people at the same time, hold to two tactics to catch culture exchanges and culture trade. Therefore, the basic research of culture trade is not only the supplement and consummation of the filed of international trade, but also the help for our government at various levels and relevant departments to establish the development strategy of culture trade in line with current our national conditions and regional situation. Ultimately it will promote the higher development of Chinese foreign trade.China has a long history of five thousand years and is one of the four old civilization countries. China is a place with a profound cultural foundation of Chinese civilization. In 2003 our economic aggregate ranked second and trade aggregate ranked first in the world. But the scale of culture trade export is less than 3% of goods trade and service trade. In the past great cultural power become a small country of culture trade now. To promote excellent cultural goods and cultural services with Chinese characteristics to the whole world, and to reduce cultural discount and cultural discrimination, and to enhance the overall level of foreign culture trade, we need to fully, systematically, deeply know about the status quo and structure of Chinese culture trade. Therefore, this text makes an analysis from the angle of the structure, and make use of the theory of international economics, regional economics, cultural economics,and attempts to outline the overall outline and three structures of 1992~2012 culture trade. We will find the problems and put forward the corresponding policy proposal. The core content and relevant reseach conclusions of this text are as follows:The first chapter is an introduction. The chapter mainly includes the research background, problems to be solved, the research aim and contents, research methods, source of data sample, innovation points and shortcomings etc.The second chapter is theoretical basis and research review. This chapter includes the development of culture trade related to the theories of international economics, regional economics, cultural economics, and has a brief overview of the theory and review related literature at home and abroad.The third chapter is the status quo of Chinese culture trade, This chapter can be divided into two parts of cultural goods trade and cultural services trade, and analysis their changing trends. We will empirically analyse the relationship between culture trade and economic growth and make a comparative study on cuture trade, goods trade and services trade. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Culture trade has a large number of consistent surpluses which shows sign of expanding.(2) Cultural goods trade has consistent surplus and cultural services trade has consistent deficits.(3) There is a positive correlation between economic growth and export of culture trade, and there is a negative correlation between economic growth and import of culture trade.(4) Pulling effect from export of culture trade on economic growth is very week, and pulling effect from export of goods trade on economic growth is 12.8 times, and pulling effect from export of serives trade on economic growth is 3.46 times.The fourth chapter is study on commodity structure of Chinese culture trade. The chapter analyses the status of commodity structure of Chinese culture trade, and sums up its evolution characteristics and problems. Thus we use a variety of empirical methods to concretly analysis the international competitiveness and commodity structure of Chinese culture trade. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The international competitiveness of Chinese cultural goods trade is stronger, and the international competitiveness of Chinese cultural service trade is weak and lack of competitiveness. The present situation is comply to the status quo of the competitiveness of Chinese goods trade which is strong and the competitiveness of Chinese service trade which is weak.(2) Export growth from China to world of cultural goods maily relies on the intensive margin, that is to say, the volume increase of original cultural goods is main way of trade growth. The intensive margin growth is pulled by quantity increase to a greater extent. The sign of export “extensive” growth of Chinese cultural goods has exposed gradually. Although this growth way can promote the export quantity increase of cultural goods, but the growth quality and structure are worrying.The fifth chapter is study on mode structure of Chinese culture trade. The chapter uses the judgement and measurement methods of intra-industry trade level and type, and analyses the status quo of mode structure of Chinese culture trade, and sums up its evolution characteristics and causes. Thus from an empirical perspective, we carry on a cointegration analysis on relationship between mode structure and economic development. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) The trade mode of Chinese cultural goods and cultural services are dominated by inter-industry trade, and inter-industry trade occupies absolutely dominant position.The causes of international trade mainly rely on the traditional comparative advantage. The comparative advantage comes from natural resources, acquired favorable conditions, labor productivity or factor endowment differences. That is to say, trade division mode is mainly based on static comparative advantage.(2) There is a positive correlation between per capita GDP and intra-industry trade of cultural goods. The increasing of per capita GDP is the granger reason of the intra-industry proportion increase; the increasing of intra-industry proportion is the granger reason of per capita GDP increase.The sixth chapter is study on external region structure of Chinese culture trade. The chapter analyses the evolution characteristics of external region structure of Chinese culture trade, and sums up the causes of structural imbalance, and uses a variety of empirical methods to measure external region structure. Finally, from the bilateral perspective, it studies the cultural trade relations between China and main developed countries and regions. The main conclusions are as follows:(1) Asia is the first continent of Chinese cultural trade, and it is both the largest export continent and the largest import continent to China. This shows that the continental structure of Chinese cultural trade is unbalanced.(2) Import and export markets of culture trade mainly concentrate on four countries and regions: Hongkong, USA, European Union, Japan. This shows that the country and region structure of Chinese cultural trade is unbalanced.(3) The symmetry problem of cultural trade import and export between China and USA is the most serious, that is to say, the structure imbalance of import and export is obvious. This lead to the trade friction problem between China and USA is the most serious compared with other countries and regions.(4) Export growth to USA, European Union, Japan is the result of joint action of dual margin. The contribution of intensive margin on export growth is larger, and the contribution of expansion margin is smaller.The seventh chapter is the main conclusions of this article and policy suggestions. In this part, the research contents are refined and summarized. We will put forward the corresponding policy suggestions.