Researches On The Tombs Of Bohai Period

Bohai power from its foundation in698AD to the extinction in926AD by Liao Dynasty lasted290years, during which there were15kings in total. Bohai people continue to absorb advanced technology andculture from the Central Plains during this period, making the Bohai Seahave the best development and prosperity of the regime. But also leave alot of ruins and relics, including a large amount of tombs.Funeral culture is a microcosm of social life of Bohai Sociaty, whichis the so-called "Unafraid of death". Through a deeper and more detailedstudy, it is beneficial for people to study the Bohai community and have amore comprehensive understanding of the system. The tombs and theirappendage were important matters in the funeral customs carrier, which ismaterialized specific manifestation of human behavior, and it has avariety of different sectors which comply with certain principles. Usuallythe layout of graves, funerary objects, and social classes, often reflectedthe tombs’ owners unique cultural traditions, funeral customs, classattributes, so the study of great tombs are important and necessary.This paper is based on the years of archaeological finds, sortpublished data and all the Bohai tombs funerary objects, do the typology of study and research, and combined with the Funeral Rites, the tombarchitecture and literature situation, research stages and partitions toexpress a comprehensive holistic and comprehensive understanding.This paper is divided into eight chapters:Chapter1is an introduction, the study object of this paper weredefined. Time limits for the burial of this article is after the founding ofthe Bohai Sea. But due to some tombs in use longer, taking into accountthe integrity of the tombs of factors, the author didn’t separate study inisolation, therefore the appropriate time delay before the study. Belongingto clear space limit of Bohai, at the same time, the paper concludes thefound history of tombs, and summarize the results of the study.Chapter2is to identify the Bohai tombs, previous studies oftenmixed Mohe tombs and Bohai tombs together, making it difficult to seethe integrity of the Bohai burial and not to promote of research BohaiTombs. Thus the paper first attempted to distinguish the Bohai Tombs andMohe tombs, excluding non-Bohai tombs.Chapter3is to study of typology Bohai Tombs. By carefulcomparison of information, in-depth studying, the author found thatchanges in the Graves.. Bohai Tombs should be divided into threecategories, namely pit tomb, a stone tomb, brick tomb. Because of thenuances of architectural form, but also can be divided into different sub-categories.Chapter4is the study of burial typology. Through observation ofBohai funerary tombs, the author found that pottery is the largest, andmost characteristic of the times, so the pottery detailed typology divisionwas to find the evolution. In addition, some metals also were dividedtypology, and made a separate presentation of some valuable metals.Chapter5is the Bohai Tombs staging research. Base on the tombdating, referring to the radiocarbon data, combining with changes invarious factors and Burial Customs of funerary objects, the research ofBohai tombs were divided into two parts. The former time was from thefounding of the Bohai Power to the late time of King Wen’s ruled time.The major tombs were stone tombs and a small stone chamber tombs; thelatter part of the Bohai Power was from the late time of King Wen’ sruler to perish, when tombs appeared in a brick tomb.Chapter6is the Bohai Division of tombs. Bases on the locationstyles and funerary objects, the tombs can be divided into the central andmarginal areas. The center consists of Liupingshan burial ground,Longtoushan burial ground, Hongzunyu burial ground. The marginal areacan be divided into the northern edge of the area, the southern edge of thearea, the western edge of the district. Then explore the cultural districtsrespectively, to find their own characteristics, and explain the causes. Bohai Tombs differences between regions reflected its expanding territory,the migration process, acceptance of culture process of Buyeo, Goguryeoand the Central Plains. The influence of Puyo and Gao cultural isconcentrated in the early, while the impact of the Central Plains culturehas always existed, the impact on the Bohai Sea after exit Puyo andKoguryo culture is decisive.Chapter7is the discussion of Bohai Tombs’ grade level and relatedissues. First make sure Bohai grade tombs, then summed up a significanthigh-grade tombs symbol: by several aspects of the Bohai Sea tombbuilding, tomb construction, the burial and other considerations, whichwere usually with the tomb building, but the form is not a single building;all with a long slope ramp; tomb interior walls which were be lime plasterwall murals can be drawn. The height of the tombs were usually higherthan the common ones, and there were building coffin beds. A largeamount of gold and silver can be buried including the three-colorfigurines. At the same time analyze the level of burial and put forward theauthor’s point of view.Chapter8is the analysis of Bohai Tombs cultural factors. By thecomparison of Bohai Koguryo culture, Puyo culture and the CentralPlains culture, the author found that the effect on Bohai Sea isconcentrated in the early stages, with the spread of Central Plains Civilization, and the absorption Bohai Sea on the Central Plainscivilization eventually became the decisive factors.Chapter9is the conclusion. Summarize the evolution of the BohaiTomb and discusses the different characteristics embodied in differenttime periods, we examine causes of the tombs changes and regionaldifferences, considering the evolution of the Bohai Sea burials, andmigration procedure which played the different parts in the evolution ofthe tombs. The evolution of the process of Bohai tombs were closelyconnected with some external factors.Through multiple civilizational communication with theneighboring countries. Bohai power absorbed advances civilization,enriched themselves and developed the Bohai State. While the absorptionand learning of Central Plains Civilization made the Bohai Kingdom getthe great process in social, economic, or social life, the world-famous"Haidong Sheng country " was founded at last. In the meantime, thepeople of the Bohai Sea created a splendid civilization and glorioushistory with their own ingenuity and hard work, leaving futuregenerations valuable material and spiritual wealth, and making significantcontribution to the history of northeast.