A Study On Discourse Markers Which Were Composed By The Verbs ’Look’ ’Think’ ’Say’ And ’Know’

In this paper, we study the discourse markers which were composed by the verbs’look’ ’think’ ’say’ and ’know’. The main content and view is as follows:Firstly, the discourse markers which were composed by the verbs’look’ (kan) include’I think’ (wokan) and’You think/look’(nikan). About the discourse marker’I think’(wokan), we mainly discusses its development and it’s semantic foundation, and the performative analysis and the discourse context, and investigate the discourse marker’I think’(wo shi zheme kande) which was used in the interview. About the discourse marker’You think/look’(nikan), we mainly discusses it’s judgement, performative analysis and discourse context, and and investigate the discourse marker ’You think/look’(nikan) in natural conversation. Main points include:The development of discourse marker’I think’(wokan) is linked to the observation meaning of ’look’(kan). The development of discourse marker’You think/look’ (nikan) which has the function of reminding is related to visual experience of the communicator. In the speech act of assert,’I think’ (wokan) shows that a proposition is only from the perspective of ’I’ to conclude that,’I’ guarantee and I believe it is true. This makes the propositional content with certain subjectivity, reduces the expression of objectivity. In the speech act of advice,’I think’(wokan) shows the speaker’s thinking about the hearer, and hence it is sincere, and make the suggestions more tactful. In the speech act of expression,’I think’(wokan) shows the speaker’s thinking about the facts and value judge process, and shows that express feelings are based on the speaker. The common discourse context of’I think’(wokan) include twist relationship and causality. When the discourse marker ’You think/look’(nikan) is used to consultation, the implication was that the other is experienced and rich knowledge, potentially enhance the other’s face, and the expression is more tactful. When stating a fact, the discourse marker’You think/look’(nikan) is used to transform the perspective, shows the speaker’s attention to the hearer, and the expression is more tactful. From the discourse context,’You think/look’(nikan) often used to elicit reasons or evidence, and constitute a causal relationship with related sentence.’I think’(wo shi zheme kande) is the variant of the discourse marker’I think’(wokan) in the interview. In the context of normal conversation, the main function of discourse marker’You think/look’(nikan) is reminding.Secondly, About the discourse markers which were composed by the verbs ’think’ (xiang), we mainly discusses it’s judgement, performative analysis and discourse context, and and investigate the discourse marker’I feel’(wojuede) in the interview. As a cognitive behavior, thinking both reflects the continuity of cognitive process, and reflects the result of cognitive. When the speakers talk about the content of his thinking, They are talk about the result of thinking. Discourse markers’I think’ (woxiang) and’You think’(nixiang) do not follow the semantic evolution of the verb ’think’ (xiang). Discourse marker ’You think’ (nixiang) is directly developed from verb phrase which means let the hearer thinking from a different angle. From the perspective of speech act, when discourse marker’I think’ (woxiang) is used to elicit an assertion, the function of it is mainly shows that that the proposition is a subjective view, and do not emphasize the evidence, and with a lot of uncertainty. From the textual perspective, the relationship between the sentence which related the discourse marker’I think’ (woxiang) and the other sentences in the text include:causation, twist, explain and conditions. The function of the discourse marker’You think’ (nixiang) is mainly to remind the other to concern an obvious fact or truth, and it always follows with expression which was used to explain the reasons. The coagulation of the discourse marker’I feel’(wojuede) is not very strong. The frequency of’I feel’(wojuede) is more high than ’I think’ (woxiang) and’I think’(wokan) in a interview.Thirdly, About the discourse markers which were composed by the verbs’speak/say’ (shuo), we mainly discusses the discourse marker ’I dare say’ (woganshuo),’to say’(yaoshuo) and ’to say’(shuoqilai), and analysis the source of the discourse marker’don not speak’ (bieshuo) and the conjunction’let alone’ (bieshuo). The main viewpoints are as following: When the speaker use’I dare say’(woganshuo) to lead to an assertion, it reflects the basic conditions of assertion and sincere concerns about conditions that the speaker believes and promised an assertion is true. The speaker use the discourse marker’I dare say’ (woganshuo) to lead an assertion, mainly remind the hearer that fact: while the assertion is exaggeration, but the speaker still believe and guarantee its true.’I dare say’ (woganshuo) often appears in context: subjective inference, express dissent, make predictions, expose the reality, praise, encourage and emphasize the oath. Discourse marker’to say’ (yaoshuo) is often leads to a evaluation under a common sense. The function of the discourse marker’to say’ (shuoqilai) is based on the meaning of itself: to express speech begins and continues on.It appeared in turn start tag of speech acts, to lead an unusual regret or sad words, in the middle of the turn, to introduce the related content of the discourse. The conjunction’let alone’ (bieshuo) and the discourse marker’don not speak’(bieshuo) all comes from the verb form. During the development of discourse markers’don not speak’(bieshuo), the role of metalinguistic negation is in the inner speech, reflecting the speaker denies his original cognition. Discourse marker’don not speak’ (bieshuo) do not highlights the relationship between the cognitive and the fact, but shows that the fact is extraordinary.Fourth, The research about the discourse markers which were composed by the verbs ’know’ is mainly in the novel register. The main contents include:the decision problem of the discourse markers ’you know’ and’you don’t know’, and focuses on the discourse marker ’you don’t know’, non-classical discourse marker’I know’and the semantic foundation of discourse marker ’I don’t know’, finally discusses the discourse marker’to know’. The main viewpoints are as following:To judge the discourse marker ’you know/don’t know’, the most important is to look at stress of the sentence ’you know / don’t know Y’. Compared with’you know / don’t know’,the verb phrase’I know’I don’t know’express the cognitive status of the speaker. When the speaker said that he knows a message, it means that he was convinced that some information is true. Therefore,’I know’ is equivalent to’I believe’,’I don’t know’is equivalent to’I’m not sure’. They have the functions of discourse markers.’I know’is a non-classical discourse marker. When’I know’ is used singly, even it express the speaker’s attitude, but it is built on the basis of the speaker’s description of his own information state. When ’I know’co-occurrence with a clause or several clauses, although it is independence in the rhythm, and can be deleted, but the most important point is: Whether it is involved in clausal propositional content is not easy to judge. The discourse marker’need to know’does not participate in construct of the propositional content of the adjacent clause, it can be deleted, then often pause, is a rhythmic unit. It has the function of remind. When it at the beginning of a turn or paragraph, it follows a commonsense knowledge which is the basis of the following views and further discussion. When it at the middle of a turn or a paragraph, it follows a fact to support a point of view.