Study On Jin Dynasty Immigrants

Jin Dynasty is the most frequent period of the population mobility among the northern races in ancient times. It is also a period of mutual migration between the northeast minorities and the Central China Han. Immigration movement was throughout all of the Jin Dynasty history which was very important to the integral development and vicissitude of the regime. The Jin Dynasty immigration made contribution to the transition of northern ethnics and the exploitation and development of the northern area which spreaded to the development of Chinese society and was important to the Chinese immigration history. It had to be a pity that there was no systematic and thorough study on the subject of the immigration of Jin Dynasty now. This thesis will focus on the group of the immigration to inspect the background and policy, the dynamic condition and distribution of different ethics, the character and reason of different period during the Jin Dynasty. To further to study the livings of the various ethnic immigration, to study the impact of the immigration in the society and the identification of the immigration to the Jin regime will contribute to the study of Jin Dynasty and the immigration history.There are five chapters in this thesis. The first chapter will elaborate the reasons, policy, immigration and distribution of the initial period of Jin Dynasty. It is the result of the immigration policy the initial period of Jin Dynasty which led plenty of Liao area and Song area population to enrich inland and northward by immigration. It showed gradual model character of the process. The amount immigration population and scope of immigration destination were far larger than Liao Dynasty which had been to the northern area of Hei Longjiang Provinec. The Jurchen and other minorities immigration to the central China was under the policy of southward of Men An Mou Ke. He Bei and Shan Dong Roads were the main areas of the Jurchen immigrations. There were at least two Meng An Mou Ke groups which had moved to area of Ji Lin Shu Lan led by Wan Yan Xi Yin family which made clear that the immigration history of Wan Yan Xi Yin, Ni Pang Gu Chao Wu, Bing De, Hai Ling Xiu Yi Gao Shi, Shu Hu Gao Qi and Gu Li Jia Shi Lun families by the study and comparison of the immigration of the Jurchen and other ehnics. The resettlement places of E Lan Wu Zhu Meng An and Shi La Gu Shan Meng An belonged to Huang Long were nearer which were located between Chang Chun and Nong An. The regime mandatory was the character of the initial period of Jin Dynasty. The major reason of immigrant was for the military and politics. The economic factor was seconded. The maximum feature of immigrant is minorities southward and central China population northward during the initial period of Jin Dynasty. The immigration movement embodies some rules of the population migration, such as “the rule of immigration wave and anti-immigration wave”, “the rule of centre cohesion” and “the rule of centre heart by rim ethnics”.The second chapter will study the movement of immigration of the medium-term of Jin Dynasty. Jin Xi Zong continued the policy of southward of Men An Mou Ke for the reasons of inside and outside situation and the capital change by Hai Ling which led the result of about five hundreds thousands of immigrants during the period of Xi Zong and Hai Ling. It was the end of three times large Jurchen immigrant southward of Jin Dynasty. He Bei and Shan Dong Roads were the main areas of the Jurchen immigrants. Hun De Hun Shan Meng An, Hun Te Hun Meng An and Hun Te Shan Meng An were the same Meng An which all belonged to Zhong Du Road. It is confirmed that Bing De family immigrated from Xian Ping Road to Zhong Du duing the Xi Zong period and then continued moving to Tian De garrison from the initial period of Hai Ling by deplored the Jurchen immigrant history recorded in <Jin History>. The other Jurchen immigrant families of Pu Cha Ding Shou, Pei Man Da, Pu San Duan and descendants of Tai Zong were move to Zhong Du Road during the Xi Zong period. The two Qi Dan immigrant families of Ye Lv Lv and Li Ying moved to Dong Ping and Yi Du separately. The immigration of Han people was free action under the preferable policy during the central period of Jin Dynasty by the study on the immigration policy of “call for people to enrich capital” and “call for people to enrich He Nan”. At the same time, Qi Dan and Xi people came into central China following Jurchen. Jin Shi Zong forced Qi Dan and Xi people moving to central Jin Yuan which belonged to Northwest and Southwest Zhao Tao Si. Although Meng An Mou Ke kept on moving which located central China, it didn’t change the distribution pattern of Jurchen in that area. The character of immigration during the central period of Jin Dynasty was still by mandatory, but it showed more of the free moving and diversifies of immigrant tendency. It also embodies “the rule of centre cohesion” and “the rule of centre heart by rim ethnics” which the same to the initial period.The third chapter study the immigration peak time of the last phase of Jin Dynasty. It is confirmed that southward move of Zhen You and northward move of Ren Chen were two times of whole national moving during the last phase of Jin Dynasty by the study on polices of “military population southward move”, “let people southward move” and “promote people northward move”. There were many families joined the southward move and northward move in the twenties years which showed the character like migratory birds. There were165 Han families joined the southward move during the last phase of Jin Dynasty. There were 142 Han families joined the northward move during the perish period of Jin Dynasty. It is a outstanding feature that there were 24 families which had moved more than 3 times throughout the Jin Dynasty History. The southward move of the military family, such as Jurchen, came into being the radioactive distribution which centered Nan Jing to scatter to nearer places, such as Luo Yang, Xu Chang, Gui De and Zheng Zhou and furthest to An Hui, Jiang Su and Shan Dong. The northward Jurchen mainly moved to He Bei, Shan Dong and Shan Xi areas. It is confirmed that Hu Sha Hu Meng An and Lu Hu Tu Meng An moved from Xian Ping Road to Zhong Du Road during the period of last phase of Zhang Zong or the time of Wei Shao Wang on the study of immigrant families of Ni Pang Gu Chou, Gao Si Rong, Gu Li Jia Shi Lun, Pu Cha Huan Duan, Shu Jia Tuo Lu Hui, Pu San Duan, He Shi Lie Hu Sha Hu and Ye Lv Brothers. Hu Lu Tu Meng An, He Lu Hu Tu Meng An and He Lu Duo Xi Meng An were not same Meng An. The immigrant rule of the last phase embodies the “the rule of unrest to disperse(the rule of centre cohesion)” and “the push-pull theory” which was popular in the 1960 s.The fourth chapter will study the life of immigration on the resettlement location based on examination of the living state of Jurchen, Qi Dan, the royal members of Song and Liao, and the common people. The life styles of Han official immigration were manifold not only including engaging in politics, teaching, but also including live in seclusion, reading and farming, resigning to live in countryside, making life by skill, and enslaving. The life styles of Han common people were focused on cultivation, making life by skill, being in business and enslaving. The immigration life was influenced by the government’s immigrant policy, personal skill, rank, personal choice and the natural and cultural environment of immigrant areas. It will reveal the whole life of Jin Dynasty society inspected the immigration lives.Chapter five will study the function and influence of immigration in Jin Dynasty. The Han and Qi Dan were one of the main powers which promoted the social development of Jin Dynasty by examined the function that of immigration for Jin Dynasty’s economic and political development. The Jurchen changed their economic life during the process of southward moving. It is a historical progress for them to use the lease regime belongs to the central China areas. Land disputes between the immigrants and indigenous people are the primary cause and reflection of conflicts. We could find out the integration between Jurchen and Han people which reflected on life custom, life etiquette and language. The relationship between immigrants and indigenous people embodied the ethnic relationship for the Jin Dynasty is a minority regime.People are the creators and bearings of the culture. Each society would not develop without the moving of people. This thesis will help understand the Jin Dynasty immigration correctly, impersonally and wholly by full examination, interpretation and research on the process of immigration which will not only understand Jin Dynasty deeply and know the function of them to society development and the rise and decline fortune, but also will examine the development of northern society life, even the whole society of China based on the survey of Jin Dynasty immigration.