A Study On Some Questions About The Jirimmongolian From The External Counties In Qing Dynasty

Jirim Mongolian from the external counties is a special group of Mongolian society in Qing Dynasty. It is not only an important part of Horqin history study, but also an important content of Mongolian grass-root society history research in Qing Dynasty. On the basis of the former people’s research, employing field investigation and empirical research method, this thesis makes specialized study into the history of Jirim Mongolian from the external counties in order to find their formation background,,migration process, influence upon Horqin history and culture and how all the concerned parties control over them. Jirim Mongolian from external counties such as Harqin and Tumed crossed border lines between counties to Jirim League by means of army cultivation in the early years of Qing Dynasty.This dissertation consists of preface, four parts, conclusion, reference and appendix. In the preface, author introduced significance of the topic, state of previous study, origin of historical documents, research method and creative point of this paper.The first chapter is mainly discussed about the naming, definition, origin, historical background of Jrim Mongolian from external counties. The policy of borrowing land to feed people by Qing Dynasty caused large number of Han people surged into Mongolian region and which made the native Mongolian lose their land. Social conflicts like Jindandao Event further aggravated their situation. So for the purpose of making living they moved into Jirim League, and took part into the farm work of this place. From the point of Jirim League, allowing the outsiders to move in is on one hand to carry on the rule, on the other hand take benefit from the personal-cultivation, so it can seen as a self-adjustment strategy.The second chapter is systematically talked about migration reasons and courses during the whole time of Qing Dynasty, taking Harqin and Turned as representatives of all Mongolian from outside counties, including the large-scale migration caused by Army cultivation in the years of Emperor Kangxi and Yongzheng, personal cultivation during the rule of Emperor Qianlong, Jiajing and Daoguang, Jindandao Event to Cultivation by Government in the last phase of Qing Dynasty.The third chapter is focused on analyzing the origin, original affiliation of Jirim Mongolian who moved to the places as Faku in Horqin from Harqin and Turned counties, and the changes of their relationship with local Mongolian from depending on each other to discriminating against each other, and makes comparison between outside Mongolian and Han people who migrated to the same places at the same period of time. Though the both groups of people had the same farming skills and life styles, outside Mongolian had advantages over the Han people with their Mongolian language.The fourth chapter is chiefly expounded on the influences of the Mongolian from external counties on the population, economic pattern, living habits, and culture and art of Jirim League. Not only outside Mongolians are the major component of the agricultural population of Jirim League, also they made great contribution to the economic transition from animal husbandry to agriculture, and to the formation of both semi-agriculture and semi-husbandry economy and the residential villages in Jirim League. In addition they had great impact on the spoken language, naming, diet, culture and art and so brought new contents into Horqin culture.