| The constitution of 1954 is the foundation of democratic politics in new China, which built basic framework of Chinese democratic political system. The constitution of 1954 has a deep historical bearing, also imbued with the magnificent ideals and beliefs of the leader who was founding a state. It was the people based on the comparison of the constitutional monarchy, democratic republic and Chiang dictatorship, after rejected tyranny and deception, reconstructed and regenerated of the ideas and institutions about democratic political, and was the awareness and yearning of democracy , rule of law, freedom and happiness by the people in the transition period of New China. As a distant historical text, it was experienced hope and glory, lament and to say in the half a century. By the history of reincarnation, the democratic political genes of the constitution of 1954 injected into the constitution of 1982.On the base of that, the model of democratic political in China created a miracle of economic growth. The constitution of 1954 has a profound impact for the development of democratic political in China.The thesis is composed of six parts:The first part of this thesis is the formation conditions of the constitution of 1954. The constitution of 1954 has a deep historical bearing: bourgeois reformists of the constitutional monarchy, the bourgeois revolutionaries of the democratic republic, the results are not final practice, but it left the gene of democracy and law. The constitutional movement of the new democratic by the CPC provided abundant practical experience for the constitution of 1954. From the theoretical origin of view, The Constitutional Thought of classical Marxist writers is the theoretical basis of the constitution of 1954; Sun Yat-sen’s constitutional thought provides an important reference for the constitution of 1954; but the new democratic constitutional thought by the CPC is direct source of the constitution of 1954. From practical basis, the establishment and consolidation of the domestic at all levels power provided a relatively stable and peaceful environment for establish constitution. Internationally, it was also need to show that China was standing together with Soviet-led socialist camp by establish constitution.The second part is about the text generation of the constitution of 1954. Mao Zedong has a unique understanding and persistent pursuit to the Constitution. As a "director of the system of people" and the chief architect of the constitution of 1954, Mao Zedong made a decisive contribution to the making. He actively leaded and participated in the process of establish constitutional, established the principles of establish constitutional and guiding ideology, to create a democracy, scientific, truth-seeking atmosphere. The making of the constitution of 1954 is the first time and real establish constitutional by people in China. It is a product of democracy political, the promulgation of the constitution of 1954 got sincere support by national peope.The third part of this thesis is the theoretical research in the constitution of 1954. By the theoretical level study of the constitution of 1954, representated the state of“should however”which was sketched out political life in China. This thesis discusses the text mode of the constitution of 1954, talks about basic principles of the constitution of 1954, especially analyzes theoretical design of the constitution of 1954 which is about our state system, political system, party system, national policy and civil rights and obligations of the system. It is deepen knowledge and understanding in Chinese political system of the constitution of 1954 by the people. On this basis, summarized and generalized the characteristics in text contents and structure of the constitution of 1954, and revealed some shortcomings of Constitution itself.The fourth part of this thesis is the practical reflection in the constitution of 1954. It was experienced a tortuous practical process, reflected the difficult road to democracy in China during the process. By studying the implementing history of the constitution of 1954, we find that evolution behind the Mao Zedong’s constitutional thought, the tortuous practice of the constitution of 1954 has some complex and profound objective and subjective reasons. Of that, internal cause was limitations of the constitution of 1954 its own; external cause might found from political and cultural traditions and social psychological levels and the objective social environment in China.The fifth part of this thesis is the spirit regression in the constitution of 1954. The constitution of 1982 inherited the reasonable factors in the constitution of 1954, but also the further development in the constitution of 1954, both of them have a deep inner contact from structural framework to the content、principle、spirit, this inheritance reveals that basic role of the constitution of 1954 in Chinese socialist democracy political development and great vitality of political system and inner democratic spirit vitality.The sixth part of this thesis is the implication of the democratic politics and the realistic enlightment in the constitution of 1954. The spirit of democracy and law in the constitution of 1954 has an effect to Chinese socialist democratic politics development long ago. It carries the ideal of democracy founding since modern time; establishes the socialist direction of Chinese democratic politics; builds Chinese democratic politics system framework; provides a reference for the Chinese socialist democratic politics development by the practice. How to properly deal with the relationship between the constitutional authority and the party’s leadership; It is emphasize to train constitutional consciousness on the relationship between citizens and the constitution and keep the coordination of the constitution and the social reality between social development and the constitution.The constitution of 1954 and the practice provides the important inspiration to the Chinese socialist democratic politics development. |
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