Study On Aging Population And Pension Security In Rural Area Of Jilin Province

According to a report of U.N. in2006, the population of the world will increase2.5billion in the next four decades. It will grow from the current6.7billion to9.2billion in2050. And in1950, the total population of the world is just the incrementalvalue. Presumably, until2050, more than half of the people in the world will reach60years of age and even over; at the same time, children (under15years old) populationwill decline slightly. With the reform and openness, the living standard has beenimproved greatly and we have extended our life expectancy. Since the1970s, becauseof the implementation of the family planning policy, the birth rate has dropped. Theproportion of aging population is larger than that of juvenile population. Average lifeexpectancy is extended and the aging population increasing, which makes China’spopulation structure has undergone great changes; the problem of this social trend ofpopulation aging is becoming more and more serious. In2002in China,60years ofage and aging population is1.49billion, which is11.8percent of the total population.It is predicted that in twenty-first Century, the speed of China’s population aging willgreatly accelerate;2020~2030will be peak period of the aging population in China;our country will enter the severe stage of the aging society in the first half of thetwenty-first Century.Our research based on the old basic living conditions sampling survey results ofJilin province in May2010, as well as questionnaire investigationes on the life of theaged from November2009to May2010, which conducted in rural areas of Jilinprovince, whose object is60years old and above. The thesis also combined withprevious6times national population census data, useing logic analysis, system analysis and comparative analysis, static analysis and dynamic analysiscomprehensively to analyze the current situation of rural population aging, the ruralold people living conditions and social old-age security situation in Jilin province.According to the data of the fifth population census data, it can be forcastedthrough aging shift algorithm that the future population aging of Jilin province issignificantly speeding up. The direct reasons for the aging of the population are thefertility rate decline, the average life expectancy extending and population migrationto the influence of aging population. According to sampling survey data of thepopulation change, by the end of2003, Jilin urban aging population (60years old andabove) is1.0417million, accounting for10.76%of the total population of the city;town aging population(60years old and above) is455,000, accounting for10.67%ofthe total population of the town; rural60years old and above aging population agingpopulation(60years old and above) is1.348million, accounting for10.34%of therural population. The aged agriculture census register accounted for54.71%of thetotal number of aged people, while the non-agricultural population accounted for45.29%. It is predicted that the next10years, aging population of Jilin Province willenter the high speed growth period, with an average annual growth from the lastdecade3.78%to5%. Until2020, elderly population will reach6.124million,accounting for22.48%of the whole population. After2035, it will enter severe agingstage and will be in high continuous running, at that time we will have one aged manin every3persons.The aging problem of Jilin province is mainly appearing under the situation ofbirth rate dropped substantially in a relatively short period because of implementingfamily planning policy and the population life expectancy extending due to medicaland health technology progress. As a result, the aging population is advancing in thesocial economic development, that is so called"getting old before getting rich". Theaging population is appearing in the social conditions of insufficient economicstrength, lag social security and weak social tolerance. Although it is said that Jilin social aged security system has been preliminarily implemented in the basicframework, it is only a systematic realization, and apreli minary realization. Both ruralsocial insurance of the elderly and new agricultural insurance are not high-leveled inthe universal security. If paying enough minimum duration of15years according tominimum rate4%, the insured person could get less than100yuan monthly, so theendowment insurance can only play a relief role. Jilin aging population developedspeedily, whose ratio is very high, and is not synchronized with the economic level.At the same time the rural aged security system is still not perfect, therefore, ourprovince aging situation is grim and our province belongs to one of the regions“getting old before getting rich”. The problems like the aging population advancingeconomic development and aged security level and so on, which have greatlyinfluenced the social economy in jilin province. Especially in the developingcountryside,, these problems are particularly serious. To solve the rural populationaging problems and the rural aged support security problems well, is not only relatedto our province’s formulating the development strategies in the future, but also to thelivelihood of the people. It is the important content of harmonious societyconstruction and has important practical significance on coordinated development ofJilin rural population and rural economy.According to the results of current political data analysis, in view of the actuallyexisting problems in current rural population aging of our province, drawing lessonsfrom the experiences of domestic advanced provinces and developed foreignagricultural countries’ aged security and aging population, we can sum up practicalcountermeasures to effectively solve our province’s actual problem of agingpopulation in the rural regions. In order to alleviate the rural labor force pressure,improve labor productivity, this thesis argues that we should reform the rural familyplanning policy to delay the rural population aging process; at the same time, weshould improve farming mechanization and extend labor cultivation age and promoterural economic booming countermeasure researches.Secondly, we should increase our government investment, strengthen the management mechanism, establish and perfectour rural aged security and rural cooperative medical system and add new agriculturalinsurance coverage. Thirdly,we should strengthen the rural aged service facilitiesconstruction and speed up the development of suitable rural aged service system.Finally, the key to change the the problem of aging population is prospering ruraleconomy. In a word, this thesis holds that the land cooperation system constituted bycollective contributions, industrial structure optimization and animal husbandry andtourism development, etc are the best ways to vigorously develop rural economy.