The Issue Of Social Security Based On The Government’s Responsibility And The Civil Rights

The social security in early time is aimed at keeping the life support in civil people. The first goal in social security must be in this interest. After the World War II, the Keynes’ theory and Beveridge’s Report obtain a great victory in welfare state. Especially, they hold a belief that the state&government must play an important role in the social and economic life. Meantime, with the economics continuous improvement, there are a lot of great leap in civil rights. The important change is people realize that social security is not only a way to support life, but also will play a more important role in improving the political&civil rights. When the oil crisis comes to us in1970th, the welfare countries realize what we should get from our government? And what is the government role in economy on the earth? Under this situation, China open the door and accept the market economics and free competition.Nowadays, China face to a turning point in history. Both change and danger walk to us in a time. When we open the door and accept the policy of market economics, China government want get rid of the state-owned social security system. At the first, the government believe that the market will resolve all the problem in society. This tide was accompanied with the theory in other counties. After a long and hard times, we realize that a real good government will play more and more important role in building the social security system. Because of our special household register system in planned economics times, there are two kinds of social security system in China:Rural habitant and urban habitant are in unbalance sides. How to resolve these problems and to build fair&justice social security system have been put to our central or provincial government. There is an urgent approaching want to build a social security as a "safety net".This issue will include the content in below as:Chapter1:Introduction. In this chapter, the author introduces the origin of this issue and its significance in current. The author want give a new interpretation of the social security systems in their history. The first goal of the traditional social security system is in guaranteeing the life of workers at the beginning. From then on, this system have been became a "towering tree" to cover every kinds of social rights in human being. In the mean time, the author understand that there are always a debate in "social justice" and "economy efficiency". Nowadays, especially in China, we face to a turning point from efficiency in the first place to justice in the first. Maybe there is a long way to go. In this chapter, the author reviews the different theories in social security.Chapter2:This chapter introduces the foundation of states and confirmation of government in the world nowadays. This chapter discuss some theories about the origin of state:natural origination、violent origination and the social contract theory. Nowadays, every person live under the control of different states&governments. While one person want enjoy the wealth that comes from any governments, the social security quality and quantity must be depended on the ability of the state&government. The responsibility of state should be described simply in domestic and foreign sides. The domestic responsibility behavior are from tax、servant to the legal sanctions. The state domestic responsibility maybe transformed to government responsibility in present. The author puts forward that the government responsibility is one theoretical foundation stone in social security. In the meantime, the author describes the range of the government’s responsibility in this issue. And the author points out the contract theory in the government’s responsibility.Chapter3:The author reviews the history of civil right and all kinds of civil right in different countries. The author reveal the civil rights from property rights、the right to vote and the right to be elected etc. and social rights. The social rights, in author’s view, including many factors in it. The social security system is an arrangement for supporting the civil rights in a harmony society. In this chapter I discuss the Roosevelt’s four freedoms in20th century and put forward the Marshall’s citizenship; at the same chapter, I discuss the Rawls’theory in justice and Milne’s theory in civil right. Under this situation, there are a lot of calling for the state/government should play a more important role in reducing the inequality and eliminating the poverty. During the20th century, accompanying with the various movement of human rights, there are many kinds theories of social security and different states chose different regime to manage their social problems.In the ancient China, under the imperial power we can not produce the civil rights and other rights in human people. After Qing dynasty, the government abolished the imperial regime. Meanwhile the intellectuals accepted the concept of civil rights and mass education and western culture. Especially, from the foundation of the People’s Republic of China our interest distribution pattern was on the basis of state being in the first place、unit in the second and individual in the last. After reform and opening up, our policy of interest distribution has been changed to "efficiency has priority to fairness". This regime causes inequality&unfairness in society.Chapter4:The author discusses the foundation of social security regime and its brief history. I review the history of social security and all kinds of social relief policy in different countries. The author do not think the social security in current today is only the copy of social relief pattern in the past. I point out the important significance of social security to our socialist economic system in present. It including the personal charity、 mutual aid and help each other and charity affairs in different religions. In1601, the British government promulgated the Poor Law. It was the first time, government play a positive role in helping the poor. After unified of Germany, the government under ruled by Bismarck issue the social insurance law that introduce the commercial insurance concept to social insurance. In1935, the president of US A Mr. Roosevelt put forward the law of social security and we accepted the concept of social security all over the world. The Beveridge’s Report made the "Welfare State" concept rooted in European countries. This chapter discuss some theories about the origin of social security:1.altruism and help each other;2.1iberalism and not interfere theory;3. paternalism and its social security theory. At last, I discuss the Karl Marx’s theory about "six deduction" by government before the payment to the workers in the socialist countries.The goal of social security in the first aid is to support the right of life. The right of life is the base of other rights. The author point out the civil right is a changing process in its history. In the mean time, as a system of social security that its content also is changing in the processing period. This chapter including the British government’s the Poor Law in1601and the Germany government’s social insurance law and the Beveridge’s Report. After the World Second War, the "Welfare State" concept became the goal of every government in European countries.Chapter5:This chapter discuss the changing period in history of being helped in humiliation position. In the early time, the people have to be at the cost of losing some other rights to get little help from government. The government plays a donor in high position. At last, I discuss the social security as a public goods provided by government. The author thinks the goal of social security must achieve fairness&justice in harmony society.But during the1970th period, the oil crisis caused the economic stagnation. The people start to quest the Keynes’theory about the state interfere the economic. The policy of reform and opening up in China is changed to "efficiency has priority to fairness" and accept the market economics. Of course, our social security system must change to fit the changing situation.Chapter6:This chapter discusses the foundation of China social security in the planned economy times. The author reviews the worker class position in history. When the People’s Republic of China was founded in1949, our government accepted the Soviet Union’s idea about the government should be a multi-function role in daily life. In the past planned economics times, China social security show a apparent binary system character: urban resident are the most benefit group、the rural resident are the so-called non-benefit "low-class" citizen. The unfair treatment is the character in China old social security system. During the building of market economy, through learning experience and lessons from western countries we can rich our knowledge to improve Chinese social security system. By our efforts to make our economic situation better and safer may be the best way to solve the people’s livelihood problem. Meantime, I research the China Social Insurance Law issued in2011that for old age, medical care, unemployment, work injury, birth etc. I obtain the conclusion about how to improve social security system in China:1.Endowment insurance is offset the fair goal in China;2.The government provide little capital in public medical and health work. I point out our situation is very serious in present and our central government should do more work for the poor and disadvantaged group. Under this station, our government should play a more and more important role in social justice not only in building a big cake but also in cutting the economic cake. Of course, we have to face a dilemma during the prosess of transferring wealth from the rich to the poor: it was named Okun’s leaky bucket.Chapter7:In this chapter, the author point out some suggestions for the building of new type social security in China. I think there are a lot of advantageous factors in foundation of our social security:enough financial resources and enormous savings among residents; there is a great space can be abated the running cost of government; and the firm Chinese Communist Party as a political guarantee. The author always does hold this belief that justice and fairness is the first aid in social security. Through my study in this issue, the author find that there is a continue descending in consumption of China residents. There is factor maybe can reveal this:China residents are afraid of the short of supporting from social security:medical care、education for children and housing. So the residents can not spend their selves’ income. They think they must save money for their use in the future.At last, the author point out a conclusion that our index in social security must get a great leap in future. Especially, the much more saving money in bank is a inhibition of China economics. Our government must make efforts for the people, so we can make a change of the danger situation in economics. Our economic will get great step safe and stability in future. Comparring to other countries social security system, there is a big rising space that we should make our effort.Chapter8:The author makes a brief prospect in our harmony society. We do hope there will be a real justice and fair social security system in our homeland.