Spatial Analysis Of Crimes In Changchun And Crime Control From Planning And Administrative Perspective

The issue in terms of urban crime is always drawing great attentions from the city governments, the criminologists and the public.Nearly all the criminal activities have spatial attributes, which is an important starting point for criminal researches. The study concerning criminal geography which is an indispensable part of the criminology has a long history. After many years, the studies in terms of criminal geography have made significant progress with sufficient contents, diverse research technologies and matured theories.To the contrary, the studies relating to criminal geography in China are just starting for a short period with a slow pace mainly due to the limited data. Nowadays, the importance of criminal studies including the criminal geography is gradually recognized with the accelerating urbanization in most cities in China. This research examines the spatial patterns and hotspots of various kinds of criminal activities in Changchun at the police precincts level based on the data provided by the Public Security Bureau of Changchun. The factors which could relate to the crime distribution and the feature of crime evolvement are also analyzed. Finally, the crime control measure from the planning and administrative perspective are discussed.This paper consists of seven chapters:The first chapter is the introduction of this paper which contains the research background, research value, main headlines as well as the research approach.The second part of this paper first clarifies the meanings of several basic definition in this paper. Then this part generalize the progress of the criminal geography in western countries and China, including the developing process, the current research status and the trend of subject development. Finally two classic theories named social disorganization theory and routine activities theory which are most frequently applied in relevant researches are introduced followed by the introductions of some other import theories in terms of crimes such as the broken window theories etc.The third chapter examines the spatial patterns and the hotspots of various kinds of crimes in Changchun in2008. Firstly, the spatial patterns of crimes are analyzed at the level of police precincts after examining the quantitive features of each crime type using the method of location quotient, the hotspots identification based on the Local Moran’s I index, and the3D and interpolation trend surface analysis using the GIS software. The characteristics of the several apparent regions with higher crime risks are analyzed at last of this chapter.The fourth chapter explores the factors which exert direct or indirect influences on various types of crimes. At first, numbers of variables are extracted from socioeconomic, demographic, and land use aspects based on the generalization of western researches concerning criminal influential factors. The OLS regressions using these variables at the district level are conducted. The variables with coefficients which are significant are picked out and the the relationship between types of crimes and the variables are analyzed. The reasons why some variables are not related to any type of crime are also discussed at last.The fifth chapter demonstrates the evolutional characteristics of each various crimes from2001to2008. By comparing the differences in terms of quantitive features and the spatial distributions of various crimes, the variation of regions with higher crime risks, the geographic center are analyzed, the quantities and crime rates are analyzed. Finally, by linking the developing process of Changchun these years, the author discusses the relationships between the variation of crimes and the demographic variation, the city expansion, the infrastructure construction as well as the evolution of inner structure and function.The six chapter discusses the crime control from the planning and administrative perspective respectively. Based on the conclusions drawn above, this chapter firstly clarifies several principles when it comes to crime control, then crime control measures from the the planning perspectives which includes two aspects of general planing and detailed planning are discussed. Finally, this chapter attempts to generalize the crime control measures from the administrative perspective. Two aspects which consists of the operators, and the strategy in various spatial dimension are summarized.The final part of this research is composed of all the six main conclusions, the contributions, novelty of this paper, as well as the limitation and the research direction in the future.