| Criminal behavior is a major social problem endangering urban public safety.Criminal phenomena have typical spatial attributes.Criminal geography research from a spatial perspective has a long history.It is an indispensable and important part of the crime research system.It is the key to understand the distribution of criminal phenomena and the objective requirement of effective crime prevention.Taking the crime of "robbery,robbery and theft" in Nanguan District of Changchun City from 2010 to 2016 as an example,this paper analyses the temporal and spatial distribution and evolution characteristics of criminal cases from the perspective of Geography through various spatial analysis methods and mathematical statistics methods,and analyses the temporal and spatial selection of subjects in criminal acts from the Perspective of subjective preferences and object constraints,and perspective criminal acts from the perspective of subjects.The spatial stability and transfer of crime hotspots reveal the complexity of the spatial and temporal distribution of crime cases.In the third chapter,we use the spatial statistical analysis method to detect the hotspots of crime and their spatial stability and transfer characteristics from the perspective of multi-scale space-time.Specifically: 1.In terms of time,pickpocketing is the most frequent period in Nanguan District at 13-21 o'clock every year in January,March,August and every day,showing the spatial characteristics of high concentration in city-level commercial centers;2.The spatial distribution of crime exists obvious spatial agglomeration in the process of seasonal and temporal changes from autumn to winter,from 13-18 o'clock to 19-0 o'clock,which results in Northeast China.Natural climate and daily activity cycle of urban residents coincide;3.The coexistence of hotspots of pickpocketing crime in Nanguan District is verified under the time scales of year,season and hour.From the perspective of minimum land patch,the stability of hotspots of crime shows the characteristics of season > hour > year;4.Since 2010,hotspots of pickpocketing crime in Nanguan District have changed from the original commercial district to the east.With the passage of time from morning to night in a day,the trend of the transfer and diffusion of crime hotspots is from residential areas to street plots.The choice of time and space of the subject of crime affects the emergence of urban crime pattern.Chapter IV,based on the statistics of the social attributes of the criminal subject and the real-time population thermodynamic identification with the help of the Internet map,explores the constraints of the temporal and spatial preferences and dimensions of the criminal subject's behavior on its behavior.Specifically speaking: 1.The portrait of the subject of "robbery,robbery and theft" in Nanguan District can be summarized as the typical characteristics of men,Han nationality,teenagers,low educational background,no fixed occupation or business service practitioners;2.There are differences in the preferences of crime time,region and location of different characteristic criminal groups.With the increase of age and education,the time of crime subject choosing to commit a crime in a day will move forward,and the area of crime committed by the elder criminal group will be more obviously affected by the consciousness space;3.The carrier and restraint function of the space-time dimension and time dimension to the crime is embodied in the subjective preference of the crime subject to the space-time choice and the direction of the space-time dimension to the daily activities of the crime object.Sound indirectly limits the time and space of criminal acts.Criminal travel is an important subject and technical contribution of criminal geography in police practice such as crime prevention and detection.The fifth chapter uses Internet map technology to study the spatial distance,mode and influencing factors of crime travel from multiple perspectives of crime type,subject,carrier and object.Specifically: 1.The average distance of theft and robbery trips in Nanguan District is 5.25 kilometers.Nearly 50% of the crimes occur within 3 kilometers from the criminal's residence,and the mode of trip is near plunder.There is a crime buffer zone at the place of residence of 2 km.2.The paper verifies the influence of the characteristics of the subject of crime,the type of crime and the space-time carrier on the distance of crime travel.Male travel distance is farther,which increases first and then decreases with the age of the offender,negatively correlates with the academic background of the offender and positively correlates with the degree of localization;criminal travel distance is "far from winter and spring,far from day and night",positively correlates with the openness of urban roads and negatively correlates with the population flow of shopping places;3.Criminal groups living in urban commercial areas have the same characteristics.There are obvious clustering characteristics of near crime.Criminal groups mainly live in areas with high incidence of crime and overlap in space.In this area,criminals predominate in looting nearby,while criminal groups living in other areas also have long-distance crime.By identifying crime hotspots and their spatial stability and transfer characteristics,and exploring the subjective preferences and behavioral mechanisms of crime groups with different characteristics,this paper has practical significance for the development of police practice such as understanding the pattern of urban crime,assessing the risk of crime in residential space,and precise crime prevention,control and detection. |
PDF Full Text Request