| With the relationship between the unified process of different regional Groups as a clue in Sui dynasty and through several special topic, this article systematically analyzed the political integration process of this unified dynasty which ended the North-South divide. This integration process was fronting the most formidable problem in the Sui Dynasty’s political life. On one hand, as a representation of the traditional groups. Sui must carry out its continuous duty of maintaining the fundamental interest of GuanLong Group’s. On the other hand, as the agent of the united empire, it must assume the responsibility of integrating the political relationships among different regional groups to maintain this reunited dynasty’s stability based on the governmental profits balance. The dilemma between the continuous and alteration, as the Sui’s destiny in that special era, led to its complex, rough but short process.First, this article analyzed the process of political rise of Yang Family to observe its faction and status evolution. These two processes not only had direct influence on the struggle among Yang Family and GuanLong Group in the early KaiHuang period, but also on the formation and development of YangJian faction. Second, I took the Crown Prince struggle as a clue and observed the new evolution among different factions of GuanLong Group, which had a political superiority position during Sui Dynasty. Meanwhile, the South Regional Group took part in the central political structure adjustment, and it began the new political integration among different regional Groups in this unified empire. Third, I observed the constitution and evolution of ChangAn Group and Luoyang Group in late Sui Dynasty, and found that LiYuan, from the GuanLong Group, in support of his Group captured GuanZhong Area, while Wang Shichong, who represented South Regional Group, cannot mediate disputes among the different regional factions in Luoyang. Both Fan Zigai and Wang Shichong were trapped in this dilemma. Only under this and finally won the game among different regional groups. Sui’s unified situation ruined by its regional group background among the dominance hierarchy, and Tang’s reunification can not done without this background. Finally, I selected Ning Family in Qinzhou and Zhou Family in Yongan as two individual cases. We observed the process and characteristics how South Regional Great Families integrated into this unified dynasty and how central government attempted to promote its cultural integration in these marginal areas and their different responses through these case studies.This article has following three innovations compared with other scholars. First, it observed the political relationship between Yang Family and GuanLong Group. Most predecessors want to find the relationship between Yang Family and GuanLong Group through Yang Family’s ethnicity and living area.1think the vital element for Yang Family’s political rise is YangZhong’s political experience. YangZhong belonged to DuGuxin faction during the late North Wei Dynasty’s political chaos period, and formed a special dual relationship, both political and personal, which affected YangZhong’s factional identify directly during the West Wei Dynasty and his son YangJian’s political rose and fell during the Zhou Dynasty. The foundation of Sui Dynasty and centralization of authority’s strengthen during early Sui Dynasty also benefited mostly from Yang Family’s faction identify and interpersonal connections in GuanLong Group which settled by YangZhong. Therefore, the Family identify settled by YangZhong was vital for Yang Family’s political life, Yang Family formed a special symbiotic relationship with GuanLong Group because of YangZhong’s political experience during the prior two dynasties. This not only affected the later relationships between Yang Family members, but also the relationships between Yang Family and different factions in GuanLong Group. We could say YangZhong won the superiority power of his Group just as accidental from the point of his personal experience, but from the point of historical evolution, the evolution of relationship between Yang Family and GuanLong Group, especially after the unify of the country, was inevitable in history.Second, this article discussed the integration between GuanLong Group and other regional Groups. The political struggle during early KaiHuang emperor was mainly internal struggles between different factions of GuanLong Group. While Sui Dynasty defeated Cheng Dynasty in589and unified the country, the south regional Groups began to enter the central power structure adjustment. This struggle lasted for a decade and it mainly focused on who should be the crown prince. Jinwang YangGuang, then as the Yangzhou manager, vigorously gathered south Group to expand his strength, and meanwhile colluded with YangSu faction whom belonged to GuanLong Group and finally won these two groups support. Crown Prince YangYong had different opinion with his parents who insisted on their customs, and this made him lost their support. YangYong’s main supporter GaoJiong lost his power and influence because of the political upheaval. Under this condition Emperor Wen eventually selected YangGuan as the new crown prince. This struggle reflected a new relationship between different regional Groups. There are different opinions on the relationship among various regional Groups during Daye period, and argue that there are no GuanLong Group any more. This article focused on the political evolution process of ChangAn and LuoYang, and analyzed its evolution of relationship among different regional Groups. Support from different factions of GuanLong Group was the vital elements could LiYuan occupy Guanzhong area rapidly. Two factions of GuanLong Group were dissatisfied with Emperor Yang’reformation, they selected LiYuan as their new representative. To some extent, Li’s rise was a coup managed by GuanLong Group. Compared to ChangAn, there were contradictions among different regional Groups in LuoYang from Fan Zigai to Wang Shichong. This political structure was similar to the contradiction status of prior central authority structure. Li’s victory was GuanLong Group’s revive and its exclusion of other regional Groups. However, when Tang Dynasty reunified the country, Li had to inherit Yang’s policy and GuanLong Group began integrated with other regional Groups.This article also paid attention to regional Groups’respective performance in the unify process and its reasons. I selected two great families from south frontier as individual cases:Ning Family from Qinzhou and Zhou Family from Yongan. Ning Family was a great family of minority, they gradually took part in the unified regime’s political activities under the military pressure of Sui Dynasty, and their structure of regional family fade away. They became a regional family again in the chaos of later Sui. Zhou Family settled down along the Yangtze River. Its representative was Zhou Fashang, who took part in the unification war and became a primary executor. Zhou renewed its former sphere of influence in the chaos of late Sui, but returned to its political transformation process when Tang Dynasty reunified the country, and completed its process of transformation from regional family to bureaucrat of empire. We also observed these two families social awareness’s identification and evolution when they entered the unified empire. We could see this from their marriage orientation and cultural accomplishment. Compared with the remote Ning Family, Zhou’s transformation is much more succeeded, its connections through marriage with Yang and Li Family and other great families promoted Zhou’s consciously transformation.According to these two case studies, we can find that the advantage elements for unify contained in various regions were mobilized by Sui’s political integration policy, and the various regional influence runned into the process of unification either consciously or. unconsciously. They did their best to maintain their regional priorities, but all their efforts were in vain. |
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