Self-government Under Control

This dissertation takes political and social status of the Guangxi Government (1925-1940) under the control of Guangxi Cliche as the research object, thinks Guangxi Cliche built a new government under the disadvantageous environment in order to control the basic government and society by the power of provincial government. The local self-government hadn’t realized under the control government, and Guangxi Cliche blow that they were self-government, which was a tool for them to contrast the central control on such a background.After the foundation of Guangxi Government, Guangxi Cliche get across the process from decentralized power to centralized power, constructed a political system based on governor of a province, which is the extension of basic regime. The provincial government manage the cadres at the basic level together, and consider them on the manage level. The provincial government control the cadres at the basic level by the entire plan, leveled examine, and close confinement, which exploit the distinct features of planned government. Therefore, basic government in Guangxi is the representation of provincial government, whatever the division, management and human resources.Training of cadres is the main task of provincial government. Under the provincial government, the Guangxi Government often trained the cadres from different control levels. It is displayed in four parts:first, ministry training by the sense of discipline and organization; second, focus on reconstruction and education of cadres; third, pay less attention to the training of administrative function; fourth, the highest governor has the final leading power of training. After all these trainings, the cadres has more administration ability, form the strict sense of discipline and organization, and the more important is it realized the control of leading officials by the will of Guangxi cliche.The finial activity of Guangxi province can not be divided from the government. The government mainly funded the enterprises run by the government, leading the development of forest, and encouraged the individual enterprise by adjusting the policy, financial aiding and technical instrument. Therefore, the individual enterprise developed fast even though the enterprises run by the government are much stronger. In trading, Guangxi protected the market inside the province, encouraged the exporting, fastened the importing, and established the relevant manage office under the straight control of government. It brought huge economic benefit of the government.Under the supervising and leading of government, registered permanent residence and the household registration system are very complete. Everyone has been constraint in special place and forbidden to move freely. Based on the census, the government built the political organization from district, township, to village and street. Everyone is concerned in the given organization, and also governed, educated and managed by this organization. This organization also be enrolled in the Vigilante group, accepted the ministry training, ideological education and education of manufacture, the first two of them are the most important ones. The members of Vigilante group are the faithful actor of the will of government, and also are the security guard of basic level. They execute the government’s order, participate in the basic production, promote the political construction. Beside these, the provincial government National Education Movement which is focus on the national basic education, made the education popularized and practicable. The great effect of Guangxi national education is built unity in thinking, associated the basic organization to political construction, but also promoted the quality of the people, broadened their horizon, provided the self-condition to execute the self-government to a certain degree.The government divided the self-government of Guangxi into three periods:preparatory phase, self-government phase, and complete self-government phase. During the preparatory phase of self-government, the government organized the preparatory work, developed the basic construction and organization, set up the workshop to train the self-government ability of people. In the self-government phase, the government founded the temporary representation community of village, the temporary consultative council of village and the temporary provincial congress, etc. But all these groups did not form the institution which people can take parts in the social affairs, and also not have the real spirit of democracy. It is only a dependent institution of government, by which people know primarily the practice of self-government.In the dilemma, Guangxi Cliche prefer to Germany social organization pattern and the Russian economic pattern, which can fast concentrate all the strength of the whole society. On that background, self-government gave much publicity to Shanxi and Guangxi province which are more independent superficially. But they were provincial self-government in order to make the local power legalized and preserve the local strength.In a word, Guangxi Government control and intervene in all the things in the province. The local government is the extension of the provincial government, and the local officials and people became the executors and obeyees of the will of provincial government. Although the quality of officials and people are promoted, they were still lack of independent thoughts and the conditions of autonomic activities. Therefore, the control had overpowered self-government.