Research On The Political And Economic Impact Of Interest Groups

The syudy of interest group are important subfield and subject in politics、administration、economics and social science. We defines interest、group andinterest group in this article firstly, then analysze the theory of pluralism and ofcorporatism which are belong to interest group system.“Interest group system” means the realationship within Interest groups andbetween interest groups and state, which can change when the power of theInterest groups and state changing. The power of the interest groups include theresources and the structures. The resources include organizations、channels andstrategies. The index of measurements include scales、memberships、goals、leaderships and funds. The channels include governments、parties and publicopinions. The strategies include elections, lobbying, sanctions, coalitions,demonstrations and violence. The structures include Cultural structure","organizational structure" and "state structure”,"Cultural structure" refers tointerest groups and members of the society in which political and culturaltraditions and national ideology;"organizational structure" refers to therelationship between interest groups and other stakeholder groups;"nationalstructure" refers to the interest groups which the relationship between state poweragencies, and their interest groups.Whether the general public or researchers, the concern and anxiety caused by thenegative impacts of the power of interest groups, in which the political system andeconomic development are the two most important aspects.Form the political influence of interest groups, this paper first reviews the controversy of modern thinkers such as Rousseau, Mill, Madison, Tocqueville, etc.,then combed the contemporary interest group theory of positive and negative view,and take the opoins of political realism but not the perspectives of politicalromanticism to examine the negative impact of interest groups on democraticsystem, so as to refute the more extreme views of the requirements of "absoluteequality" or "destroy the interest groups". From the the conflict theory, this articlebelieve that the conflicts of interest groups have their specific functions, mainly toreduce conflict intensity, affirm the value of norms, reducing transaction costs,increase community unite and achieve dynamically adjusts. But these Functionsmust have three restrictive conditions: the reality of conflict but not non-realisticconflicts; the cross-conflict but not beenhanced conflict; from the institutionalcontext of the conflicts, it should be a democratic system but not non-democraticsystem. Moreover, the conflict of interest groups must have a "baseline conditions",that is the conflicts on the basis of the established political consensus. However,the conflict of interest groups indeed will bring the political system greatchallenges. As the institutionalized response to a conflict of interest, the frameworkf of democratic politics is essential; for deal with the conflict of interests, thepolitical culture, government agencies and political parties, as the goalkeepers,plays an important role in. selecting the topic of democratic politics.From the economic impactsof interest groups, we first comb the opoins of Olson,rent-seeking and North, thinking that the famous "Olsen proposition" as well asrent-seeking theorists who are limited to the disciplinary nature could notrecognize the role of nation can play in the relationship of interest groups andeconomic development. Therefore, the state must be "brought back" to thisanalysis. Interest groups as the main body of an action, is "embedded" in thepolitical and social structures. Interest groups are not free to seek the realization oftheir own interests, but restricted a particular social structure, especially theconstraints of the political structures continue to maximize their own interests.Political structures determine the behavior of interest groups, they will certainlyaffect the role of interest groups in the process of economic development. Thispaper argues that the nature of the country whether "democracy" or "dictatorship"have great significances to economic development and the role of interest groupsin economic development. Despite the interest group rent-seeking behavior in anycountry has a negative effect on economic development, but the negative effects of authoritarian system are far greater than in a democratic system. Moreover, interestgroups in democratic countries will promote social capital, but authoritariancountries do not have such positive external effects. In order to limit the negativeimpact of interest groups on economic development, we must first establish open,liberal democratic system. On this basis, the major economic crisis not of humanwmay promote the adjustment of interests and the interests of the reorganization,and promote the interests of the game to dynamic equilibrium. Prudent andreasonable public policy can also reduce the impacts of economic developmentfrom rent-seeking of interest.