Democratization And Human Emancipation On The Democratization Theory Of Lukacs

In this paper, Lukacs’ democratization theory had been depth studied by combined with his ontology of social being theory, and the study on theoretical premise of Lukacs’ democratic theory, the inherent logic, the main ideas and the deep study of its influence to China’s social democratization are also given here, which covers the shortage of the research at present and makes Lukacs’ democratization theory complete.Lukacs’s democratization theory is divided into two parts——the earlier and later democracy theory. In his earlier years, he wrote The Blum Theses after he had summed the experience of the Russian Revolution and had criticized the fascist autocracy. In The Blum Theses, he raised the proposition that we should build the country, according to our specific national conditions, in a democracy way. Then, he begins his research of democraticzation, which comes up to the "hidden target" of his later philosophical research.In Lukacs’ later years, with the whole history of man as the research subject, also based on the ontology of social being theory, he proposed the democratic theory again. His social ontology theory tries to put the ethical value dimension into labor, in this way, he constructs the ethics of labor, which became the theory premise and inherent logic of his later democratic theory. Lukacs regarded democratization reform of socialism as the only way to the human emancipation. Through his analysis of the setbacks in the development of Soviet Union and Eastern European socialist countries, and his exposition and critic of the overconsumption and the warp of leisure time in the modern capitalist countries, he proposed the liberation way back to the human labor. Lukacs regarded labor as the core concept of social existence, he considered labor as the only category with purpose, that is, natural and social causality can be incorporated into teleological enactment by labor, which is the instinct category of being distinguish human and animal. He pointed out that the labor category of being experienced two historical phases, a "silent" category of being and "voiced" category of being, and there is a process from "silent " category to "voiced" category, in which the democratization was born and developed, the category of being for itself coordinate social relationship through communication and democratic consultation and overcome the blindness between liberty of self-labor and social relationships, makes people masters of their own social relations. Lukacs believed that true democracy can be achieved only in a socialist society.Lukacs emphasizes the importance of the daily life to the democratization process. He pointed out that the form and content of democracy will be changed and adjusted based on the needs of human’s daily life, and will be returned to all the areas of the daily life, in order to mode the human behaviors. Out of the immediacy and spontaneity of daily life, Lukacs placed the growing point of democracy into the civil society, which is the rational expression of daily life, and he treated the civil society as the force that will promote the democratization process combined with the force of the nation. He also values the fundamental strength of the civil society, he regards that in the democratization process, the national power will be gradually fade away, and the functions of the state will be turned to the area of the serve for human society. In this way, Lukacs restated Marx’s view in a democratization way that the nation is ruled by the civil society.In addition, Lukacs’detail idea on the process of democratization is also discussed in this paper. Lukacs thought that a socialist society must been seen as a whole, therefore, socialism democracy should be presented in various forms. This paper clarifies the thoughts of socialist economical restructure, education in civil society, people’s participation of decision making, supervise system, and the construction of inner-party democracy. In this way he sketches out his vision of socialist democratic practice. However, due to the limitations of social conditions and his own cognitive limitations, Lukacs’democratic theory is still unable to slip the leash of planned economy. With the market economy system improving, the issues that how to developing the civil society of China become a hot topic in recent academic world. We should pay more attention to the importance of the promoting forces of the civil society, and the functions transforming of government, in order to realize the multi-level, multi-dimension democratic participation with Chinese characteristics.