| In 2008 and 2009, lagre scale ethnic riots had broken out in The Tibet Autonomous Region and The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,namely “3·14” and “7·5” incident。The two ethnic riots turn the “ethnic issues” which have quitted the political core topic near 30 years since “reform and opening up” into a focus。The Regional National Autonomy of china Which is the core system to handle “ethnic issues” in china get some query from educational cricles。In 1980 s,in the background of “bringing order out of chaos”,Regional National Autonomy of china is confirmed by constitution。But at the same time,the nation splitting froce gradually rised and some ethnic riots followed。For instance,the Lhasa riots in 1987 and 1989,the BaRen riots in 1990,the YiNing riots in 1997。In nature,these incidents are the same to the “3·14” and “7·5” incident。We can say,for a long time,The Regional National Autonomy of china was not able to prevent the ethnic issues 。 It seems that The Regional National Autonomy of china have some dificiencies。Today,we must face up to the ethnic issues seriously。It involves the internal stability and the international image of china。If we want fully slove the ethnic issues,we could not concern about the separatist activities of the overseas separatist forces only,we should also reflect the systematic factor which promote the development of ethnic issues。So we shoud seriously reflect The Regional National Autonomy of china。It will help us to carding the complex ethnic issues of china and find the solution of the ethnic issues。This article is divided into four parts。The first part is “The history of the formation of the Regional National Autonomy of china”。In the view of historical pedigree,the state system of china had gone through a change which is from the “Wrold empire” to the “Nation-state”,then from the “Nation-state” to the “Multi nation-state”。In 1884,china set up province in Xinjiang。It marks that china began the change from the “Wrold empire” to the “Nation-state”。In 1949,we founded the Regional National Autonomy of china。It marks that the “Multi nation-state” which replace the “Nation-state” become the nation-building programme of china。In this transformation process,the “national structure” and the “area system” of china had gone through a change which is from binary to unity,then to binary again。In the view of national structure, it is from the “Hua-Yi” to “chinese nation”, then to “Han-national minority” 。 In the view of area system, It is from “province system-national autonomy system” to “province system”, then to “province system-Regional National Autonomy of china”。The second part is “The history roots of the Regional National Autonomy of china ”。Why we gave up the nation-building programme of “Nation-state” when the new china founded in 1949?Why we chose the Regional National Autonomy of china to highlight multi nation in the political territory of china?It have two reasons。One is that the state-building programme of “Nation-state” was encountered strong resistance in minority nationality areas especially in Mongolia、Tibet and Xinjiang。The minority nationality areas filled with strong thoughts of national autonomy(even national self-determination)。In this situation,the communist party of china had to compromised with the national minority of china when they chose the state-building programme。The other is when the communist party of china gradually matured in the process of revolution,they learned to the Soviet experience and sublated the federal system of Soviet nationalities。The third part is “The realistic predicament of the Regional National Autonomy of china ”。It have two realistic predicament of the Regional National Autonomy of china。One is that the Regional National Autonomy of china split the concept of “chinese naton” which we constructed in modern history into a binary concept of “Han-national minority” or a multiple concept of “56 nations”。It also split the chinese territory into many national segments。This politicized national policy can provide political space and social space for nationalism。It is detrimental to the state-building。The other is that,The Regional National Autonomy of china is in a dilemma between the instrumental rationality and the value rationality 。 The Regional National Autonomy of china have weakness in the view of instrumental rationality。But in the view of value rationality,we shoud guarantee the autonomous rights of national minority in their homeland。In view of modern civilization,it is a legitimate demands to national minority to practice their societal culture in their homeland。So the Regional National Autonomy of china is a system which we must insist。We can not choice the cultural national policy which the United State formulate for immigrant to solve the ethnic issues of china。So in the view of value rationality,we must insist the Regional National Autonomy of china which have weakness in the view of instrumental rationality。The Regional National Autonomy of china is in a dilemma between the instrumental rationality and the value rationality。The fourth part is “The future outlet of the Regional National Autonomy of china ”。Just because the Regional National Autonomy of china is in a dilemma between the instrumental rationality and the value rationality,so we can not change this system to solve the ethnic issues of china。We must insist this system。On this basis,we can face the challenge from nationalism through other system innovation。Firstly,in the political aspect of state-building,We should use Citizen politics to dilute the Ethnic politics。On the one hand,we should reduce the effect of the Regional National Autonomy of china。For example,”Ethnic identity” should be removed from identity card;On the other hand,we should deal with national relation in the view of “the equality of citizens”。 For example,we can use “regional preferential policies” to change “the preferential policies for national minorities ”。We should weaken the national consciousness of national minorities and strengthen the citizen consciousness of national minorities。Secondly,in the cultural aspect of state-building,the government should promote “ethnic integration” on the basis of equality and voluntariness through policy guidance and policy encouragement。In the process of “ethnic integration”,each ethnic group can share common culture and unity consciousness of “chinese nation”。... |
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