Research On The Operating Mechanism Of Urban Community Governance In The Frontier Minority Areas

Since entering in the 20th Century, the city has become the main field of economic and social activities in European and American countries, and it also makes the city community become a hot topic in theoretical and academic research. The construction and management of urban community is the main driving force of economic and social development. They are fully applied to the management of domestic and foreign, urban and rural areas and communities, and actively promote the construction of new network cooperation between government, market and society, in order to deal with the failure of government and market. For China, after the reform and opening up, China is experiencing a profound reform of basic society, the community has become a strategic space to promote social reform and development. Our country is experiencing a social transformation, from the political, economic, social and other fields, we need to construct a new organization form to undertake the social functions of the government and enterprises to ease social contradictions, increase social stability and boost social harmony. In the discussion and debate, the academic circles also usually focus on the city community, and the complex characteristics of the city community and the immature management system also make the community become the "pet". In the urban community construction and governance,ethnic minority areas of the community is also very typical and special, but on the current research results of such communities, in addition to the official and individual scholars scattered article, the number is not much. Therefore, this article chooses "the frontier minority area city community governance operating mechanism" as the research object and ti is of great theoretical and practical significance.The article combs the internal and foreign urban community governance theory, theory of urban community governance mechanism and reference on the basis of the existing research results, to social and political science as the main line, using the theory of governance, social capital theory, theory of ethnic relations as the main analysis tool, choosing "DZ community" as a case study in the "typical communities" of Tianshan District in Urumqi city. Article selects "DZ community" is a complex and vital community, the community lies in the old city urban fringe, floating population more, the Minority Nationalities, ethnic composition complex, many rental houses, many minors, poor infrastructure, the residents’cultural level is generally low, with certain representative and typical. This paper on Urumqi Urban Community Governance of the operation mechanism of empirical research, around the theme and goal of frontier minority areas of urban community governance, focusing on urban community organization and operation mechanism, community residents participation mechanism and community security mechanisms to the main content, in-depth study to discuss the status of the frontier minority areas of urban community governance mechanism, difficulties and its causes, and on this basis, try to seek the difficult solution path.According to the front theory analysis, this paper covers the following main contents:First, the theoretical foundation, the main focus on the first chapter and the second chapter. Firstly expounds research background and significance of the topic based, in-depth analysis of the urban community governance at domestic and abroad research present situation, in the macro system, combing the domestic and foreign about the study on the operation of the urban community governance main research results, on the microcosmic specific detailed combing the relevant research results of domestic urban community governance mechanism, in order to make a brief comment on the above two dimensions. On basis of the theoretical analysis, in-depth examines and defines the three key words:urban community, community governance and operation mechanism and specify the its in the frontier field, main content and goal orientation; theoretical basis of this thesis mainly includes the governance theory, the national relations in theory, social capital theory and so on three theoretical analysis tool, introduces the three theoretical origin, representative, the main idea and the main theoretical connotation in the adaptability and the main point, for the article provide theoretical support and intellectual support, lay a solid theoretical foundation for the main content of the article is in full swing and is discussed in detail.Second is a historical review, the main focus on the third chapter. In the evolution of city community governance system and analyzing the frontier regions, including three stages, namely:the period of the unit system of city community governance system, the unification of the disintegration of the unit period of construction, city block governance system after the system of unit time city community governance mechanism demands, and on this basis, summary and summarize its three basic traits, namely:the change of social structure of governance mainly includes the connotation, significance, city community governance in frontier minority areas of the main objectives of the main types and mode selection in spatial structure; inhabited mostly by ethnic members, mainly in Urumqi city as an example, expounds the main reasons, the national living pattern formation distribution characteristics and regional distribution of content; block showing the main features of the pressure type system, for theme of frontier urban grassroots governance and complex "maintain stability" situation, frontier city community governance in showing the basic characteristics of the obvious pressure type system, the basic characteristics has two distinct characteristics, namely:"transfer" and "enlarged."Third is the empirical research, the main focus on the fourth chapter. the DZ community in the Urumqi City Tianshan District "typical community" as a case study examines the specific operation mechanism of the DZ community organizations, including community party organization operation mechanism, area management operation mechanism, community committees (community working committee) the operation mechanism and the operation mechanism of community social organizations; community residents participate in the mechanism, and mainly examines the basic meaning, the interpretation of the residents to participate in the main function, and the specific case as a reference for the whole scanning and analysis of community residents participation status; community security mechanism mainly includes four contents, namely:the community poverty relief mechanism, community employment assistance mechanism, legal community and community expenditure embedding mechanism. Based on the above investigation and Analysis on the basic problems of the community organization operating mechanism, of participation mechanism of community residents and community security system, are summarized thoroughly.Fourth is the control factor, mainly focused on the fifth chapter. Based on the theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, three points are analyzed:economic factors, including the level of economic and social development in Xinjiang, Xinjiang’s economic and social rapid development and people of all nationalities living water flat to improve Xinjiang urban community governance laid a solid foundation, but from the point of view of horizontal comparison, compared with other provinces and cities, there is a big gap, from the point of view of the vertical contrast of Xinjiang, the southern and Northern Xinjiang, the economic development gap is still quite large, especially southern economy lags behind obviously. The two is the political factors, including government governance focus is not strong, around the theme and aim of city community governance, the government in strengthening its own building at the same time to continue to focus on governance; policy input superimposed effect is not demonstrated, the central and local intensive preferential policies, accelerate the pace of construction of Xinjiang in various fields, but also some problems should not be underestimated, also need to refocus; non traditional security control management is prominent, and the impact of interference in economic and social development in Xinjiang is the biggest obstacle to non traditional "three forces" as the representative of the security threat, and resolutely combat the "three forces" at home and abroad, in a timely manner to carry out anti separatist struggle in the ideological field in Xinjiang, the necessity and urgency of reality. Ethnic and religious factors, mainly including the influence of culture and customs of ethnic relations, different nationalities have different cultures and customs, must give respect and tolerant attitude to be guided and cultivate; illegal religious activities to resist and attack and illegal religious activities influence and hinder the development of Xinjiang’s economy and society, poison the social atmosphere, for the national separatists using; harmonious ethnic relationship construction and adjustment, the market economy under the impact of ethnic relations appeared a lot of new situations and new problems and have to continue to adapt and focus.Fifth is the path selection, the main focus on the sixth chapter. The target system of "maintaining stability" and "serving the people’s livelihood" as the core of the operation mechanism of urban governance in the frontier minority areas, also need to enrich and develop from many aspects; based on relevant governance principles, combined with the emergence of frontier city governance during the operation of the specific problems and constraints, this article from the three dimensions of the frontier national area city community governance organization and operation mechanism, community participation mechanism and community security mechanism, try to build the following basic paths:to optimize the community governance structure, expand the operation space; innovative community governance’s technical support, and enhance the effectiveness of governance;expand the participation of community residents, to promote the activation of deliberative democracy; activate the social capital of community governance, and cultivate the public spirit; to control the city social mentality, build a strong and stable foundation; perfect the rule of law embedded in the community governance, strengthen security strength;increase the resources development of community governance, broaden the channels of support and other content.Sixth is the conclusion and outlook, integrated the specific content, once again reiterated and clear the significance of the research on the operating mechanism of urban community governance frontier and practical oriented, and on this basis, proposed four extended thoughts:Frontier Minority Areas "government led" and "community autonomy" compatible to the promotion of the role of relationship, ethnic frontier regions "multiple subjects" and "democratic politics" benign interaction, ethnic frontier regions "civil society" and "society" in the power support, ethnic frontier regions "social capital" and "governance performance".