| With the further development of China’s reform and opening-up and globalization,the problems of human being’s existence and development are becoming more and more prominent. In order to rationally solve these problems, we need to clear the profound social roots of these problems from philosophy perspective and gain supports from Karl Marx’s theories and methodology. The intense research of Marxism homonology in Marx’s mature classic texts and theoretical writings, which is based on historical materialism and Marx’s critique of the political economy, and“the real individual” and the objective logic of its historical development, has important theoretical guidance and practical significance for correctly understanding and rationally solving the problems of human being’s existence and development that appear in the socialist market economic reforms.Marxism homonology is a theory that shows a complicated relations and their essence, the historical evolution law of “the real individual” and its historical development, and human emancipation. Then, what is Karl Marx’s homonology? How did Marx explore human being in the process of constructing his historical materialism?Starting from the transformations of research object in Marx’s philosophy, this dissertation clearly shows that philosophy researches are confined to the researches of abstract world, ideas and “abstract individual” before the era of Marx. Marx began to research realistic world, “the real individual” and the objective logic of its historical development. However, Marx didn’t find out and establish his revolutionary theory of“the real individual” from his early researches, he had experienced a long and hard exploration. According to the development of the thoughts of Marx’s homonology,Marx had always taken “human being” as the main line. Then, did his thoughts ofhomonology change? Yes. The thoughts of Marx’s homonology focused on “human being” can be divided into early stage, middle stage and late stage when his thoughts were different and kept changing. For a long time, “western Marxism” elevates“anthropologism homonology” in Marx’s early stage, and holds that “the manuscripts of anthropology” rejects Marxism homonology based on materialist conception of history and surpluses value and returns to his early thoughts. Those cognition results do not meet the development of the thoughts of Marx’s homonology. In the final analysis, these scholars with wrong views disparages Marxism homonology represented by Das Kapital as“materialism”. They have not to understand that the production relations and social relations were revealed through the relationship of materials in Das Kapital. They distort Marxism homonology for bourgeois homonology based on the theory of abstract human nature, abstract humanitarian and historical idealism in order to maintain bourgeois abstract humanitarian. We know that the birth of historical materialism is a great revolution in the history. Because the thoughts of Marx’s homonology in his early stage did not break the influence of Hegel and Feuerbach philosophy, this dissertation focuses on his thouhgts in his middle and late stage when Marxism homonology was based on materialist conception of history and surpluses value and discusses the historical development of “the real individual”. Marx wanted to enrich and perfect his Das Kapitaland its manuscripts using human archaeological newest discoveries instead of denying the thoughts of his homonology in The Communist Manifesto and Das Kapital. Marx and Engels had once said that Anthropology Notes were followed as Das Kapital. In the mature stage of Marx’s homonology, Marx scientifically researched on the real individual combining with the capitalist mode and relations of production,turned general materialist conception of history to critique of political economy, and then revealed the defining interpersonal relations of production behind the capitalist social and economic phenomenon. Marx’s theory based on scientific labor value theory and surplus value theory not only enriched historical materialism of marxist philosophy and proved its scientific positivity and truth, but also established systematised and scientifical Marxism homonology which historically proofed the essence and attributes of human being, subjectivity, individuality, generality, and the law of historicaldevelopment of human being. The “subjectivity, individuality, generality of individuality” have capitalist features in a capitalist society.Marxism homonology, of course, is also a theory of the human history development, development rule of history and human emancipation. The capitalist social and economic relations or the relationship of materials reveals the essence and attributes of human being, subjectivity, individuality and generality of individuality, the rights, character, value, class nature, historical status and historical role of person by Marx. In Das Kapital, the methods of thinking and logic, which the capitalist social and economic relations and “the relationship of materials” reveal the essence of the relationship of human being in capitalist society, are consistent with the historical process of capitalist society and reflect the methods and ideas of practical materialism and historical materialism. In Das Kapital, Marxism homonology is an implicit logic main line. Marx scientifically demonstrated necessity and mutual relations of labour emancipation, economic emancipation, political emancipation, thought emancipation,religious emancipation and philosophical emancipation, and pointed out that only the socialist revolution of the working class and the Communist revolution can realize human emancipation and thorough liberation, which highlights the inherent logic of Marxism homonology, Marx Philosophy and Marxism political economy and systematicness and revolutionary of the whole theory of Marxism. In Das Kapital, Marx scientifically criticized commodity Fetishism, currency Fetishism, capital Fetishism,market Fetishism of bourgeois economics by analyzing and criticizing commodity,currency, capital and capitalist economy movement, established science view of history,historical materialism view of history, values and outlook on life of lofty ideal goal other than a kind of historical idealism, historicism, pessimism of history theory.This dissertation includes six parts. In introduction, the main problems,significances, status quo, innovations and methods of the research are explained. In Chapter One, the theories on humanology before Marxist historical materialism are summarized. In Chapter Two, Marx’s early studies on the “human being”, which are confined to the analysis of the abstract rational man and labor alienation, are analyzed.In his early research, he didn’t completely get rid of Feuerbach’s “Humanism”. InChapter Three, the birth of Marxism homonology, which is the process of constructing historical materialism, is analyzed. In Chapter Four, in the process of Marx’s critique of the political economy, Marxism homonology was becoming real historical science. In Chapter Five, surplus value theory in historical materialism is discussed,and the way of“human emancipation” as an objective is revealed. In conclusion, Marxism homonology based on materialist conception of history and surplus value, which shifts human as a research object from abstract and illusory world to the real world, reveals the real individual and the way of human emancipation through the relationship of materials.Marx’s homonology known as “the enclave theory” of “the empty field of human study”by Satre can be found through systematically and deeply researching that obviously cannot be underestimated. |
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