Study On State Governance Structure Since New China

State governance has been a common concern of various countries in the world ever since class society. Governance, closely linked with the emergence of human society and development of the nation, has shown different characteristics in each stage. The development of productive forces is the basic power of the advance of human society, which, with the emergency of industrial revolution, has been transforming constantly from agricultural to industrial. Traditional ways of governance will certainly go into crisis and meet challenges. Where should state governance go in this context? And whether is there anything in common among different countries in their state governance? How is a good governance system structured? How should China build its state governance structure? The answers should be sought based on common human civilization and particularly in the history of China. More than that, the reasonable governance structure should be explored according to the realistic national conditions of China within the system boundary of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Ultimately, people’s pursuit of happy life should be targeted and emphasized.As a country with an ancient civilization and long history, China once created glories in the adventure of humanity. The history of China has never been interrupted, which is closely related to the political institution and cultural features of ancient China. Under the conditions of self-sufficient small-scale peasant economy, it was the base of the governance structure adopted by ancient China to make the structure of the clan and country the same, which provided a stable political and economic environment for the national development, ensured the stability of such development and was viewed as an important historical factor of the modern social development of China. Although it has laid a solid political and cultural foundation for the development of modern China, there are lots of survivals of feudalism culture adverse to such a development. For instance, the official standard thought has seriously affected the transformation of Chinese society from traditional to modern. Marxist theory on state governance has provided important theoretical and practical guidance to China’s national governing. Although there were no explicit instructions on state governance in Marxist classics, the practice of the Paris Commune had laid an early and practical foundation for Marxist concept of state governance. The practices adopted by Lenin and Stalin in national construction and the formation of Soviet mode during the revolutions and constructions of the Soviet Union were both important explorations in state governance. What’s more, the development of modern China has provided a direct model and experience for the formation of China’s governance structure. The Shan-Gan-Ning Border Regime was the earliest prototype of new China in governance structure. In accordance with the conditions at home and abroad, the new China built a form of government complying with Chinese social characteristics, which had strongly supported the new government and realized the national independence and unity. However, human social development is, as always, a natural historic process, is just impossible to be smooth all the time. So is the construction of new China. In the early years after the founding of the country, China was in a state of disunity. The state governance structure was centralized and market and society highly overlapped the government, which, on the one hand, suited the national conditions and realities of China then, but restricted the vitality of Chinese society on the other hand. After numerous disturbances and hardships, the Third plenary Session of the 11 th Central Committee in 1978 became a new beginning of new China. Ever since then, China had stepped into the new era of reform and open up. This period witnessed the rapid development of China, and the country had made unprecedented progresses in economy, politics, culture, society and ecological development. Chinese society has been undergoing the critical period of transformation from agricultural to industrial and traditional to modern. Such transformation determines that the development of China nowadays is dynamical and balanced.The development of new China has experienced the process gradually from domination and management to governance. The path of such development is deemed as a realistic portraiture of the law of negation of negation. Today, in the context of economic globalization and the promotion of new scientific technologies, social vitalities are elevated, while people’s creativeness and physical and mental demands rise constantly. China faces new opportunities as well as challenges, e.g., the “middle-income trap”, “Thucydides’ s trap”, “historic periodical law” and a series of other problems, have restricted the development of China. What are the roots of these problems? How can they be solved? The basic representations of these problems lie in underdeveloped market economy, fuzzy boundary of governmental powers and imperfect development of social organizations. This is because traditional cultures contain ideological constraints adverse to modern state governance, the quality of citizens, the basic makeup of the society, needs to be improved, and social transformation has hastened a series of challenges. To solve these, the key is to improve scientific governing, and, the more important, to optimize the structure of state governance. Particularly, a new type of power structure should be built. As a result, the governance structured should be upgraded continuously, the relationship between government, market and society should be coordinated, while the relationship between the Party and the three and the Party and people must be handled well, so that an organic unity can be formed and the development of the entire society can be promoted. The Party’s leadership is the core and critical factor in state governance structure. The relations between the government, market and society are the main body of the structure of state governance structure and the government is still the most important governing administer. Law-oriented governance is an important means regulating the boundaries of powers and the key to guaranteeing the modernization of the governance system and ability. Democracy, the necessary requirement that promotes the balanced working of the governance structure, accelerates the development ultimate goal that “development is for people, relying on people, and shared by people”. Common value following is necessary, and core value is critically important for the formation of cohesive and centripetal force. Therefore, the basic framework of state governance structure should be a stable triangle cored by the Party’s leadership and supported by the relationship between the government, market and society; democracy, law-oriented governance and core value, linking the main bodies of state governance structure, jointly guarantee a dynamically stable governance structure with balanced development.