Research On Government Responsibility Toward Good Governance

China has made reform and opening up for thirty years, and has gained thesuccess that attract worldwide attention in economy. We also have undertook manyreforms in the political system . In these reforms, an important and difficult problemwhich always be in suspense is that the problems of political responsibility asnormative analysis and of building a responsible government as policy orientation.Fair to say, there are a large number of scholars at home and abroad, rich literatures todeal with this problem. However, the debate about the responsibility of thegovernment has never ceased, and the academic circles also always unable to agreeon which is right, for several key specific problems. In other words, public opinionsare divergent. An important reason is that we have cognitive differences in therelationship between the government and market, as well as the relationship betweenthe government and society; we have different opinions about the function of thegovernment; we also have different opinions how to define the scope of governmentresponsibility and the accountability mechanisms. We tend to think that if therelationship between the government and society and the relationship betweengovernment and market are not be recognized and treated correctly, it is very easy todeviate from the direction of government responsibility. This is why we use thetheory of good governance as an analysis framework to explain the problems ofgovernment responsibility.The theory of good governance as a kind of public management theory is anresponse on the modern social complexity, diversity and dynamic made by thepolitical theory. Historically, the government as a comprehensive social managementmechanism was once the only solution of public problems. But in today's world,market and social organizations have been out of government control, and become anindependent social management center. In this way, the public goods and publicservices supply and distribution transforms from the original hierarchy to the reticularstructure. Non-government organizations no longer rely on the authority of the government in many cases. Then, how to coexist the social management centers, andhow to pursue the public interests without sacrificing of independence? This is thequestion which the theory of good governance will answer to. The theory of goodgovernance can help us to ponder over government, market and society as socialgovernance centers respectively, to form the government system, and to construct therelationship that is win-win cooperative and interactive in the unique context ofmodern society . so it provides important help to clarify the content and mode ofaction of government responsibility.Chapterâ… , "Definition of concepts and Basic theories". In this chapter, we willintroduce the political meanings of the good governance and governmentresponsibility. We will elaborate their definitions, basic contents and the logicalrelation between them. There is close relationship between the concept of goodgovernance and the concept of governance. Good governance is used to make up forgovernance failure. We can say, good governance is good and effective governance.We believe that governance is a system and process that refers to form themulti-center collaboration between government and non-government organizations,and to provide public goods and services more effectively and fairly through a varietyof ways.Of course, good governance has a unique academic features and principles ofcontent, including the establishment of an effective government, the establishment ofa perfect civil society, making good use of market mechanism of resource allocation,and coordinating relationships among the government, market and civil society. Wethink, according to the essence, character, purpose, content and accountabilitymechanism of government responsibility, political responsibility can be defined toconstrain the government behaviors to achieve the public interests from the internal orexternal, and it is the embodiment of the sum of a series of consciousness, normsand standards of government obligation. Government responsibility originates fromthe expectation and doubt to the public power. The government responsibility hereincludes three parts, namely the public administration, crisis management andgovernment accountability. After Clearing the concepts of good governance andgovernment responsibility concept, we need to explain the logic relationship betweengood governance and government responsibility. In fact, the governmentresponsibility and good governance theory have a common theoretical pursuit. Theyare responses on the public interests; refer to the functions of the government,multi-center cooperative relations and so on in the content. The most important is that the government responsibility itself is an intrinsic requirement of the goodgovernance theory.Chapterâ…¡,"Reflection on the traditional government responsibility". In thischapter, we discuss the relationships between different governments and market orsociety, and explore the corresponding government responsibility. When we elaboratethe logic basis of government responsibility, we emphasize that the different publicmanagement systems have different opinions about the government responsibility,and have different contents of governmental responsibility. So we review thegovernment responsibility of bureaucratic public administration system whose typicaltypes are the traditional state of almighty and the welfare state in history; radicalmarket-oriented public management system and its government responsibilityembody the content of , the new public management partly, whose typical types arenight-watchman state and the state of minimization; there are other types ofgovernance failure state and its government responsibility. We believe that theinfinity and limitlessness of government responsibility performed by the state ofalmighty is not lasting. But the excessive marketization of public management systemis not conducive to social justice and the protection of vulnerable groups. And even ifthe power between the market or society and state power is balance, the situations ofmany government subjects don't cooperate and function dislocation are still appear.This also proves again, if we can't straighten out the relationships between subjects ofsocial management, we can't clearly define and implement the governmentresponsibility.Chapterâ…¢, "The logic of government responsibility for good governance type".In this chapter, we try to provide a feasible justification for the governmentresponsibility for good governance type, basing on the reflection on traditionalgovernment responsibility. This justification mainly is be showed through three points:first, we choose to the view of providing public goods to highlight good governancedimensions of government responsibility from the realistic stratification plane. In ouropinion, the people's demand preference for public goods have the diversity, and thegovernment is unable to give full satisfaction to this diversity. So the inevitablechoice of government is realizing multi-center to provide the public goods. Once thegovernment will take the people's preferences as an important reference in the processof providing public goods, so in essence the people in this process is obtained theright to freedom of choice, which is mainly reflected by participating in this process. It can be said, the good governance dimensions of the government responsibility arebe highlighted from this three respects properly. Second, on the provision of publicgoods, market and government have the same subject qualification, so when we solvethe stability problem of the good governance foundation , we must bring market intothe consideration of vision. Only if we seek the balance between market andgovernment that double subjects, we can construct the perfect governmentresponsibility for good governance type. Of course, this search is based on a rationalthinking, objectively speaking, the market and the government both have their ownadvantages and disadvantages. On the advantages, the market has developedefficiency nerve, while the government has a keen sense of fairness; On thedisadvantages, both market and government can arise failure phenomena, only theirrespective failure symptoms are different: the market failure manifests externality,monopoly and distributional unequity; government failure manifests superfluous cost,internalities,derived externalities and distributional unequity. To seek the balancebetween the double subjects that market and government is to do this: taking thestrengths of others to supplement our weaknesses, which itself is the way forimplementing good governance. Third, the government cannot avoid the distributiveproblem, especially the distributive problem of the least advantaged class, becausehow to treat the least advantaged class to large extent can express the quality ofconstructing government responsibility for good governance type. In our view, thegovernment responsibility for the weak differs from the one for the strong, becausecompared to the strong, the weak to a greater extent depends on the protection thegovernment provides to survive. That is to say, good governance asked thegovernment to implement the strong and the weak different responsibilities, and thisdifferent treatments support distributive justice based on different principles. We cansay that the good governance itself is an important reason to justify the rationality ofdifference principle. Specifically, the distributive justice requires the government tohave such a good governance responsibility for the least advantaged class: to ensurethem to live a decent life.Chapterâ…£," The construction of government responsibility for goodgovernance type in the context of China ". In this chapter we will consider theconstructing of government responsibility for good governance type as an"application problem"to be solved. At the same time we also plus the" Chinesecontext" which is a special limiting condition for this application problems. First of all, we elaborate the china's face of government responsibility for good governancetype from three aspects, namely the showing of publicity, the promoting of citizens'participation ability and the mustering of deliberative democracy. It can be said, thiselaboration is made from the static and dynamic perspectives. The reason why weemphasize the china's face is that we try to illustrate an important conclusion: theConstruction of government responsibility for good governance type is possible in thecontext of China. Then we point out there are four constructive dilemmas of Chinesegovernment responsibility for good governance type, which are market failure,government center creed, system vacancy and logic of rule by man, and we"diagnosethe pathogeny"of these dilemmas. We mainly make"the pathogeny"to be attributedto the following three points: first, bounded rationality; second, the alienation ofpublic power; third, the modern secret worry of the negative components of thetraditional political culture. Finally, we make the" prescription" according to the"diagnosis", hoping to advance the construction process of Chinese governmentresponsibility for good governance type in three ways: implementing apublicity-oriented government reform, breaking superstition that the market isall-purpose and building opening government.In conclusion, we think that China must carry out the building of governmentresponsibility, but the construction must put two factors into consideration: one is thecontext of Chinese concrete reality, another is the concept of good governance. Thatis to say, we should construct the government responsibility for good governance typewith Chinese characteristics.