| The security situations in Mideast, Africa, south America countries are more seriously, for which the security accident involved with Chinese during recent years,which are related to Chinese employees, Chinese people with foreign nationality,Chinese students, Chinese tourist in foreign countries, etc. For example,3 Chinese people died and 4 Chinese people were rescued during Mali capital terrorism attack20 th, November,2016;10 Chinese employees were pass away, 1 was serious injured and10 vehicles are robbed on 16 th, May, 2014 in Cameroon; 4 Chinese people Emerald company were kidnapped in Columbia in 2011 and were rescued under the joint efforts of China government, international organizations and company. By present, there are rare prevention research for security attack incidents on Chinese employees in foreign countries and the research in China focus on the country and administrative level and other countries to define crime and combat terrorist organizations. Many security experts and scholars have made great contribution to the prevention of terrorist attacks and the concept of application, but they have neglected the level on reason of behavior.Most of the researches have resulted in the convention, rules, guidelines, strategies and policies documents, and meanwhile the prevention methods are always relatively broad and wide so that there are less effective security management for Chinese people aboard.By the statistic and theoretical research method, this paper focus on attacking time,attacking place, Chinese activities during attack, attacked targets, attacking intention and method research in detail on the basis of 289 security incidents related to Chinese people aboard and then gets the following research results:(1) 289 security cases about security attack incidents on Chinese employees in aboard from 2004 to June 2014 are studied as the research objects, which focus on identifying all kinds of employee behavior by the qualitative and quantitative analysis,classification, and statistics. As a result, reason of unsafe behavior targeted in 289 security attack incidents can be divided into 6 six general classes according to the frequency of the occurrence: “behavior in unsafe time”(36.93%in the proportion of all behavior), “behavior in unsafe place”(24.28%), “behavior regarding economic activity”(20.40%), “Other unsafe behavior”(8.76%),“Daily life behavior”(6.75%), “behavior regarding to religion”(2.87%).(2) There are 12 main types of behavior in “behavior in unsafe time”, which are divided into 2 different aspects of statistics: the specific time and the unsafe period. The statistic resultof specific time: midnight/night(55.64%), the attractive religious activity(6.61%),government election(6.23%), national day/army day / leader’s day(5.45%), new policy disagreed by varied social groups(5.06%), large scale unrest/coup/demons- traction(5.06%),during army crash(4.28%), famous government/ army activity(3.50%), war anniversary(2.72%), etc. The statistic result on the unsafe period is following: in the morning 6:00-10:00(9.69%), at noon11:00-13:00(3.11%), in the afternoon14:00-17:00(5.54%), at night17:00-0:00(29.07%), and before dawn1:00-6:00(21.11%).(3) There are behaviors in unsafe place in which Chinese people are only the passers sometimes: enter into the unrest/do not leave the troubled region in time(24.26%), go to the embassy /government building /army base and other politic sensitive places(14.20%), live in economic and complex apartment(13.61%), stay in the crowed place(12.43%), alone activity in suburban / Lane / highway and other personnel rare places alone(10.06%), involved in bar or nightclub places( 8.88%),work in poor security situation place / not friendly community(8.28%), stay in bank /stock market /gambling house and other attractive place( 6.51%).Meanwhile, this paper also shows the statistic result related to the places where Chinese people are involved during daily life : the worksite of Chinese project(32.61%), the shops operated by Chinese people(11.59%), the main road(30.43%), local people living area( 9.42%),Chinese people living area(7.91%), local market and business center(12.32%), near local school(9.42%), embassy and other foreign countries institutes(8.70%), religious people gathering area(7.97%), army base area(5.07%), famous hotel(4.35%), popular tourism places(4.35%), government building(2.62%), local bank(3.62%), off shore working platform(2.17%), etc. The countries and regions are also the statistic targets:middle-east(32.87%), Africa(30.80%), South America(11.76%), South-East Asia(7.96%), South Asia(5.54%), etc.(4) The statistic results for economic activities related to 289 security incidents is that : the material transportation / purchase(27.46%), natural resource exploration without enough community communication(12.68%), unreasonable economic request rejected by Chinese people(11.27%), shopping with lots of cash( 9.86%), much cash stored in living room or office(7.04%), hire many local employees in confined working place(4.93%),business conflict with local businessman(4.23%), wearing attractive and expensive jewelry outside(4.23%), economic activities in the bank(3.52%), etc.The activities related to 289 security incidents including :not respect the customs of the local people(36.07%),violate the local laws and regulations(29.51%), not hirethe security guards or there is no enough security guards(18.03%), make clear somebody political identity(6.56%), linguistic barrier or distortion of each other(6.56%), provide the police / government with criminal clues(3.28%),etc. The religious unsafe behaviors are also the causes for these 289 security incidents: be involved in religious activities(pilgrimage / holiday / weekend)(45.00%), make inappropriate religious comments(30.00%), enter into the place of religion and the Holy Land(20.00%),support of one side religious forces and make the grudges with the other faction(5.00%).(5) The statistic result of Chinese social status in these 289 security incidents:Chinese employees in Chinese enterprises aboard(51.91%), local shops operated by Chinese people(11.78%),local Chinese residents(7.32%), Chinese tourists(6.69%),Chinese students(5.10%), Chinese people working in international organizations(4.48%), Chinese journalists(2.55%), Chinese embassy staff(2.23%), and other Chinese groups(1.91%),etc.(6) The attacking intentions of the terrorist are related to the attacking targets in the most security incidents, so the different unsafe may cause varied attacking intentions. The statistic attacking intentions of these 289 security incidents: rob Chinese properties(40.48%), politic aims(11.42%), different cultures or racism crashes(9.00%), community appeal(6.57%), unreasonable anger(6.23%), religious contradictions(5.19%), sexual abuse(1.73%), etc.(7) Generally speaking, the different prevention measures should be generated from varied termism attacking methods, so it is very necessary for us to get the attacking methods of the statistic results in these 289 security incidents: robbery(29.41%), kidnap(21.80%), explosion(16.26%), unreasonable attack(8.65%), house arson and destruction of goods(5.54%), intentional fire incident(2.77%), illegal checkpoints(2.42%), illegal seizure(1.73%), assassination(1.04%), etc.(8) On the basis of 289 security incidents statistic results related to Chinese people aboard, so exposure frequency in high risk security countries is one of the main research target for Chinese people aboard, by which the security vulnerability assessment methodology of America Petroleum and Petrochemical Industries have been improved under the behavior based safety research theory. Meanwhile, this paper also shows the relationships between two sides: the organizational level defects, unsafe behavior and unsafe security prevention facilities; target attractiveness, exposure frequency and vulnerability. The other contribution of this paper is the modification of the security riskassessment mode in the security vulnerability assessment methodology of America Petroleum to get more accurate security risks classifications and valuable prevention measures.(9) 2-4 Behavior Safety Mode is the prominent behavior based safety theory in which organizational and personnel causes are the direct reasons for incidents. China national petroleum company is the first company to organize the security management in China. Under the reference of 2-4 Behavior Safety Mode and the security management system of China national petroleum company, this paper generates the security management measures from organizational and personnel levels on the basis of attacking time, place, activity and social status of Chinese people aboard and the attacking intentions and methods of the terrorism. |
PDF Full Text Request