Research On Pension Mode Selection And Influencing Factors Of Senior Citizens In Urban China During The Transitional Period

In the transitional period, pension mode of senior citizens in urban China turns into household intergenerational separation pension model, little by little, from the household intergenerational cohabitation pension model in planned economy period, with the development of the Chinese economy, urbanization process and, cultural diversification. Meanwhile, nursing home pension become effective auxiliary. The special pattern is the manifestation of the diversity of cultural values in present China. Furthermore, there is certain relationship between pension model and family structure. Finally, change of pension model in mainland China is critical to social well-being of senior citizens and sustainable development of the society, formulation of related policies of governments as well.Relevant conceptual frameworks are built, at the beginning, which focus on discuss main pension mode and their influencing factors, in Chinese mainland cities, during the transitional period, base on the family life cycle theory, take relevance theories as reference, such as Maslow’s hierarchy theory of needs, bounded rationality theory, location theory, social network theory. Whereafter, empirical analysises are made, include:Firstly, main pattern and influence factors are analyzed, via several methods, such as radar map, Fisher discriminant analysis, Pearson correlation analysis and binary logistic regression analysis, investigation data and in-depth interview information from 2013 to 2015 are adopted, taking Chengdu as an example. Meanwhile, the economic factors are set as background factors, social cultural factors of choice of residential location of senior citizens, whose pension mode is household intergenerational separation, are analyzed via SEM. Moreover, social cultural factors of choice of residential location of senior citizens in different groups, are discussed via box plots. In addition, base on the related information and statistical data of Chinese mainland cities and Chengdu city, the difference of miniaturization degree of urban family structure on provincial space are analyzed, via Lorenz curve. The matching status of reduction on intergenerational level and population size is evaluated, by deviation indexes. Change of intergenerational level and population size are calculated via local indicators of spatial autocorrelation(LISA). To a certain degree, the speed and trend of change of family structure, reflect the change of main pension model.The full text is divided into 4 parts, includes a total of 7 chapters, the main research conclusions are as follows:(1)Household intergenerational cohabitation/ separation pension model are main patterns of urban families in the Mainland China. Pension models change regularly with the main family events, reveal that: cohabitation- separation- cohabitation- separation- cohabitationseparation- cohabitation. New patterns show that: : ①cohabitation in one family;②cohabitation, but two families;③separation, but one family;④separation, and two families.(2)Personal factors, factors of life conception and living habit, and socio-cultural factors are of great significance to pension mode selection:①Household intergenerational separation pension model: Pivotal personal factor is the couple own the house property. Key life conception and living habit are the habit of resting, eating, and raising, enjoy crowds, private space, parents should help raising grandchildren and, parents and children should live near. Key socio-cultural factors are the pursuit of personal value, having friends nearby.②Household intergenerational cohabitation pension model: Pivotal personal factors are close to children’ workplace, and gender. Key life conception and living habit are saving and pragmatic conception, parents should help their children get married, parents should help raising grandchildren, bring up sons to support parents in old age, eating habits and enjoy crowds. Key socio-cultural factors are having friends nearby, adapting to original life, taking care of their adult child.③Nursing home pension:Pivotal personal factor is the old couple bear all the living cost. Key life conception and living habit are living and communicating conception and, bring up sons to support parents in old age. Key socio-cultural factor is having vast difference in habits and customs with their children.(3)The perception of comfort, perception of presence, and perception of convenience have marked effects, and perception of affection is not conspicuous on decision-making. Moreover, there are differences in social and cultural factors of elders according to different age groups and pre-retirement occupations. ①Cultural environment, similar people, the distance from the hospital are the most obvious factors of the perception of comfort, perception of presence, and perception of convenience, respectively.② Perception of convenience has the largest impact to the old who just retired, The perception of comfort and perception of presence are more important to the very old people.③ The perception of comfort are significant for senior citizens who are principal of state organs, organizations and, enterprises, until retirement. Senior citizens, who was engaged in commerce, prefer perception of presence. Perception of convenience are significant to each elderly person.(4)To a degree, Changes of urban family structure in mainland China mirror variation in pension modes. Results of Lorenz curve shows that the miniaturization degree of Chinese urban families higher and higher,, from 2000 to 2010, with the continuity on space, I.e., pension modes change over time, and has convergence on space, meanwhile, the change are more significant in eastern provinces. The matching status of reduction on intergenerational level and population size, reflect that household intergenerational separation pension model become a trend. Results of LISA show that family structure of more intergenerational level and larger population size turn to less intergenerational level and less population size. I.e., Household intergenerational cohabitation pension model turns to household intergenerational separation pension model. The change of family structure and pension mode of Chengdu, from 2000 to 2010, confirmed the above views.