Study On Entrepreneurial Trends Of Universities Under Institutional Change Theory

Construction of National knowledge innovation system and innovative country has become one of the important development strategy worldwide. As an important source of new knowledge and technology, university played a key role in construction of National knowledge innovation system and innovative country. The universities aim to pursuit of knowledge and knowledge innovation, their Innovative capabilities of knowledge directly related to the national knowledge innovation system and the process of building an innovative country.This study discusses the logical source of entrepreneurial universities starting from the essential attribute of the University; Knowledge innovation ability is the logical source of entrepreneurial universities, and it is also the basis of entrepreneurial universities. On this point, we regard the hypothesis that resource is always state of scarcity in economics as a logical starting point of this study. Based on the theory of institutional change, we come to the conclusion in terms of theory:As the expansion of decision-making powers, universities in China will change toward to Entrepreneurship affected by efficiency mechanism.Institutionalism holds that the legitimacy and efficiency of mechanisms for coexistence of complementary mechanisms, the tension between legitimacy and efficiency of institutional change is one of the decisive factors. Bases on the change of legitimacy and efficiency of the system, this study further assumes that "the development of resources in terms of the organization is always in the state of relative scarcity. This study further assumes that "the development of resources in terms of the organization is always in the state of relative scarcity". Based on these two theoretical premises, the study put forward three hypotheses: (1) In the case of universities achieving autonomy and legitimacy mechanism has improved, knowledge Innovation will be biased in favor of efficiency to take the "Government-University-industry " Collaborative Development of Triple Helix, which is a highly efficient way to improve the ability of knowledge innovation.(2) In order to enhance the knowledge innovation ability, modern universities must take some measure of the market economy to seek new external resources. Then academic resources change to academic capital and form academic capitalism. The emergence of academic capitalism can play a positive role in improving knowledge innovation abilities.(3) Contemporary Chinese universities tend to pioneer, the entrepreneurial university is an evolutionary change in the induced institutional change, in which the government played a very important role.The change of Chinese universities knowledge innovation behaviors and system verified the three assumptions above. The universities achieved much more autonomy in the higher education system revolution, their legitimacy system also improved at the same time. Affected by the efficiency of the mechanism, expand the organization’s perimeter, the trend of entrepreneurship. is undergoing. This trend induces incremental process of institutional change and results, in which the government played an important role.The "Triple Helix" is a structure of knowledge innovation. It is also a social game rules, which shapes and bounds the interaction relationship between us. More precisely, it can encourage people to make an act. The "Triple Helix" of knowledge innovation is closely and inseparably related to entrepreneurial universities:entrepreneurial universities can be seen as a motivation of the "Triple Helix". The "Triple Helix" of knowledge innovation is the means and foundation of developing entrepreneurial universities. In Chapter 3 of this study, regarding the "Triple Helix" as Analysis tool, the performance of the external relations and the change process of entrepreneurial trends of universities are detected and analyzed. In the search of knowledge Innovation behaviors, we found that by expending external organizations, universities gradually form the triple helix with companies and government in three-helix. According to the National Science and Technology Progress Award 1998-2008 Investigation of agriculture-related awards, the empirical analysis explores the involvement of universities in knowledge and efficiency in the triple helix of innovation-oriented. Efficiency factor is to promote cooperation with other organizations, knowledge innovation important motive of the University, and the Triple Helix of innovation to enhance the knowledge of innovation efficiency reasons. In the process of detection and analysis for the performance of the external relations and the change process of entrepreneurial trends of universities, we have modified the "Triple Helix Theory", proposed a "butterfly triple helix" concept, and predicted that the "butterfly triple helix" will be a good choice for further development of the entrepreneurial universities.The realization of the role of institution needs be internalized within the organization. And it must be reflected within the university. Academic capital Mechanisms is an important form of entrepreneurial trends of universities within the University. For the University itself, academic capital Mechanisms is the basis of micro-power for the universities involved in the "butterfly triple helix". The purpose of academic capital Mechanisms is to maintain and expand the resource of university, access to external funding support. It is the embodied of the entrepreneurial activities within the university. After the performance of the external relations and the change process of entrepreneurial trends of universities were detected and analyzed, the causes and specific performance of academic capital Mechanisms have been analyzed in Chapter 4 of this study. On the basis of the conclusions that the triple helix had taken shape in 2003, two models were created, based on the panel data of the agricultural universities who directly under the Department of Education, and it was the cutoff point in 2003. The estimated results of two models show that the academic capital mechanism had emerged in universities, and the academic capital mechanism can promote the knowledge innovation ability of universities.The entrepreneurial trends of universities are not just reflected in the external relations and internal mechanisms, also reflected in the microscopic behavior and organizational structure. Northwest A & F University was selected as a case in Chapter 5 of this study. The organizational structure and micro-behavior of entrepreneurial trends of universities and their change had been analyzed. The microscopic behavior and organizational structure of entrepreneurship not only produce some of the previous the institution, but also participate in some modern elements.As to the actual performance of Entrepreneurial activities in the universities, entrepreneurial activities in China agricultural universities are for farmers, government, enterprises, three-dimensional transformation of agriculture and promotion of knowledge innovation as the main carrier.Chances mean risks. The transformation of the entrepreneurial university has a variety of risk. We were thinking about how to keep sustainable development toward to entrepreneurial universities and how to avoid universities fully being occupied as the "company", in Chapter 6 of this study. The system involves the university management system, cooperative game system of academic power and administrative power, which is the key element to maintain the healthy development of entrepreneurial drive. It is the activation of important elements in the academic center that the cooperative game institution of academic power and administrative power and formal and informal institution to guide tacit knowledge. Building and promoting the "butterfly triple helix" institution is an important way to expand peripheral development and go towards entrepreneurship for the universities.The main conclusions of this study were summarized in Chapter 7. Five prospects have been proposed. They are studies about entrepreneurial culture, risk and its avoidance of entrepreneurship, how to coordinate the relationship between arts, sciences and engineering while building the Entrepreneurial University, cross-border cooperation for education and the equal cooperation model of university and the local government.