Excessive Education Theory Research Under The Perspective Of University Students' Employment Problem

During the process of development in human history, the development of education and economic are closely linked with economic growth and constantly adjust and change. In different systems and social forms, education was given a different meaning, which performed the role with the characteristics of the times, serving the community’s political and economic development.From the beginning of the 1970s, the number of graduates of higher education in some developed countries has grown rapidly and soon exceeded the actual needs of the labor market, ending a long era of manpower shortage in the past and there has been a trend of higher education labor surplus. Western scholars call such imbalance for the more educated than the labor market demand "Over Education."The presence of Over-education phenomenon, is not only a waste of educational resources, but will have a negative impact on the socio-economic growth. China’s colleges and universities every year has expanded enrollment since 1999, as a result, after nearly a decade of development, higher education enrollment rate has been over 23%, fulfilling the initial realization of the higher education elite education to mass education changes. This shift meets the urgent desire of people to higher education to a great extent, promoting the quality of the whole country. But at the same time, the rapid expansion of scale of higher education is not on the speaking terms to the speed of socio-economic development and cannot provide enough graduates to the right jobs, leading to difficulties in employment of college graduates.In 2002, there were 1.45 million university graduates in which the annual university initial employment rate reached 64.7% nationwide. In 2004 national college graduates increased to 2.8 million, with the initial employment rate of 61.3% for undergraduate institutions, vocational colleges employment rate 40%. And in 2007 the national college graduates was 86.5%. However, in 2008 the employment rate dropped again to 85% (not including employment, unemployment rapidly after). It can be seen from the university expansion that China’s employment situation is not optimistic for college students, and over-education phenomenon has highlighted.Literature Research and Comparative Research methods are adopted in this paper to describe the total amount of excess presented in the current higher education of higher learning of institution to a certain degree through describing during the starting process of higher education since an "enrollment" in 1999 in China. Although the majority of the people still have a strong desire for higher education, from the point of view of adaptation of higher education with economic development, they show a certain extent, the total over because of the higher output over the labor market to absorb to some extent. And in order to achieve sustainable socio-economic and rapid growth, we must vigorously develop education at the same time to promote economic structural adjustment and economic growth pattern, expanding job market for high-level labor force in the demand which plays to create the conditions for human capital value.In this paper empirical study method is used to analyze the employment situation of university graduates and the flow conditions-over education which is embodied as the most important structural performance in our country. To solve this problem, the government should further improve the employment of students in the institutional arrangements to make graduate job market more rational in the healthy growth; on the other hand they should adjust the educational structure to promote post-graduate, undergraduate, vocational and other higher-level to keep the balanced development of education with particular emphasis on vocational education in order to radically improve the structure of higher education. Higher education institutions should strengthen guidance on the employment of university graduates and enhance service awareness to improve the employment of college graduates information asymmetry and increase coordination of efforts to promote multi-full employment of university graduates.This innovation of the paper lies in the employment problem of university students, which is an evolving complex problem that reforms and changes development with socio-economic and cultural change. In the context of the Planned Economy, China’s higher education graduates by State Distribution system where students will not graduate with little concern for their problems at work. With the continuous deepening of reform, China’s economy shifts from a planned economy to a market economy, in which university graduates enter the job market in a corresponding stage of competition that has been introduced into the job market nature, coupled with the accelerated process of higher education. Thus, university students have expanded rapidly and the job market supply have become imbalanced with employment phenomenon inevitably produced. Based on the use of Excessive Economic theory of education such as Educational theory, the author described the relationship between education and economic development combined with our higher educational practice, exploration, seeking the reasons why it got so difficult for our graduates in employment to try to accelerate effective path to the job market to the development and improvement of college and university students.