History Of Body Education (1368-1919)

Modern times is an important period of China from traditional society to modern society, and also an important period of Chinese body change. From the perspective of the history of body, through examining the education to the progress of the body shape in modern times, this paper penetrates the historical change and the interaction between state, society and individual in this period, and then with "body education history" as the clue, try to show the historical picture of modern times, and interpret the change of body and society.The paper discusses the following aspects:Firstly, through the analysis of hierarchy and the etiquette education of the body, the paper examines the role of etiquette education on body shape from traditional civilization to modern civilization. The Confucian moral thought is an important part of Chinese civilization, also the essence of traditional education. One of the major features is to defend the traditional moral and ethical order as the goal, to training and protocol the internal form and appearance of the body.To respect, practice, criticism and reform on it, embodies the concept of hierarchy in the construction of body practice and ritual order, as well as change tack in the modern culture shock and in the modern education reform.Secondly, from the chosen concept and change between dynamic and static of the body, the paper examines the role of physical and health education on the body."Static" concept dominated mainstream in the education for a long term in premodern times, while in modern times especially in late Qing Dynasty and early the Republic of China, the advocacy and practice on "Dynamic" became a new educational thought. The moulds of "Static" and "Dynamic" carries social expectations, from "a light heart lives long" to "action to keep fit," modern Chinese body education experienced a confrontation of tradition and modernity, change of concepts and forms, and drove the body social transformation.Thirdly, from the gender perspective, this paper examines the history of the development of the body, the gender education and also the sex education. It has different reflecting in the different historical period on the body education, the shape of the gender socialization character and relationship, as well as love and sex social attitudes which directly leads the body "sexual orientation", the expression and social order construction between male and female, promotes the development of the society.Fourth, this chapter focus on the question that the philosophy on body and the concept of educating body and the technology of education, which work and change in history from traditional society to modern society. It can includes the following aspects:the understanding of body, using the body to achieve the goal of education, and so on.Fifth, through body change and national image education on the occasion of the Dynasties change as the object, this paper examines how the body with properties domesticated and construction under the guidance of politics in history. Specifying the men’s hairstyle changes,"female national" image as the breakthrough point, the paper analyses national image education and body reform movement in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasty and the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, the two changing generation period, reviews how the new body to replace the old body under the interaction of traditional culture and political changes, and then discusses the social significance that the body bearing.This paper summarizes the history of body alienation and integration, savage and civilized construction, free and bound under education affection, demonstrates the transformation of modern society through the change of body education, to enrich the understanding of modern society and history, also to hope to take care of the real educational life and the future development of human at the same time. Modern body education history shows that in the game of traditional culture and modern spirit, all the forces acting on the body, some may extend and expand in the body with the new life situation, others disappear or weaken with the old life component, which left the body to. The body, as the object of education, with freedom and non freedom, the active and passive together, explores and seeks the way alive in the equilibrium and the choice of various relations itself.