| The ordinary university art education defined in this paper is the art education to the non-artistic students. Its purpose is not the training of specialists in the field of art, but focused on the education of human nature, beauty and wisdom. As the scope & content of art education is too wide and complicate, based on the author’s background and working experience, the research will take music education case studies as examples to present the art education in the ordinary university in order to find out some new ways to improve the efficiency of music education researched.Based on the integrated theories, questionnaire survey and experts interview, taking the efficiency of ordinary university music education as a research object, this paper analyses the efficiency of the ordinary university music education and its efficiency improvement. The research results will be beneficial exploration for the ordinary university music education and educational reform both theoretically & practically.(1) After defining the concept and connotation of music education and efficiency within the disciplines involved, this paper theoretically trims and syntheses related education, music education, efficiency, effectiveness and efficiency analysis. Centered on the educational function of music education, taking Chinese Agricultural University as a sample, the effect of music education on students’mental health and interpersonal skills were investigated and tested. The test results show that music education has obvious positive effect on students’ self-harmony and depressive tendencies correction, while both negative and positive effect exits in regulating relationships among the students examined.(2) After defining the research scope and synthesizing relevant theories, the present situation of general university education was investigated by questionnaire survey. The concept and the connotation of the ordinary university music education were defined and the specific objectives of the ordinary university music education were proposed as following:First, the basic music theory is to be understood. Then Secondly the basic perception and appreciation ability are structured. Next, thirdly, the development process of Chinese and foreign art (Music) are understood, as well as the era background, the representative works, Chinese and foreign famous and so on. Fourthly, the thoughts and genres of Contemporary Art (Music) are understood. Finally, the basic performance skills were based on personal hobby. According to the concrete reality of college music education in China, it made this research did a theoretical analysis to the ordinary college music education efficiency which based on the bucket theory. A questionnaire was designed which based on the problems of the ordinary university students on music education foundation, attitude, cognition, evaluation, reform, hope and so on, It also processed and listed more than More than 40000 data were collected and analyzed by using the method of statistical analysis and model (SPSS).The analysis of the questionnaire results show:More than 90% of the students are fond of music,57.14% of the people chose the network as the main way of music appreciation,59.62% of the people have bought the music related books, more than 90% of the people think that developing public music course in ordinary universities is necessary,96% of the people think that the music curriculum is helpful to enhance personal accomplishment,97% of the people think that the learning of music art is helpful for the development of thinking and imagination, However, the survey results also tell that the ordinary university music course satisfaction is lower than 50%,64.29% of the people think the campus music art atmosphere works in progress,50.71% of the people think that most of the current college music and other art courses are not reasonable.(3) With the help of by use of economic efficiency analysis, we construct the DEA index and the evaluation model of music education efficiency index, and we perform a systematic analysis and study technical efficiency of music education and the total factor productivity. For When selecting the input indexes we proceed from the characteristics of the specific and practical education input-output factors of involved in music education in Colleges and universities. Considering from the four aspects including of the human, material and financial resources, and time, we finally choose chose art (Music) the teacher inputs, class input and material input for the efficiency evaluation input indicators; For the selection of the output index, considering two aspects from the output of the "quantity" and "quality", we choose chose the sum of the self compiled teaching materials, scientific research project, papers published and awarded/text or item, art troupe performed several/ times, art winning number as the output indicators of for efficiency evaluation. We conduct efficiency Samples chosen are the data of China Agricultural University in 2007～2012 art education quantifiable input-output as a sample. The calculation results of the DEA model show the following two aspects: ① The relative technical efficiency analysis. Except for 2008, the overall technical efficiency of the other all years except 2008 is 1.000, is DEA efficient unit, which at the same time all achieve both the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency effectively, keeping the constant returns to scale. The evaluation results of the comprehensive technical efficiency shows that China Agricultural University Center for the arts spend experienced inefficient transition stage in its early stage, however now has entered the stable development stage of the higher input output efficiency these years. ② Projection analysis. To keep the existing output unchanged, in order to make the pure technical efficiency of music education in 2008 reach DEA effective, we should reduce the number of art teachers (-0.405), the average funds (-5.391), the input amount of the course hours (-26.993)and with the material input will no longer reduced. If To keeping the existing input, we need to adjust the output. The value added respectively is:the edited number (+0.143), the scientific research project (+0.215), the published papers and the winning number (+2.215), the art troupe performed several (+15.928), the number of Art Award (+3.785), and with the number of the course students will no longer increase the same level. In 2008, there is obvious output deficiency on the performed number of art troupe. The analysis results of the Malmquist Index model show that the reason of the total factor productivity’s growth and backward are is technology changes. There is larger technical progress in 2009 and 2010, and there is backward of the total factor productivity in the other years.(4) The main reason why Chinese ordinary university’s’ music education has low efficiency can be summarized as three aspects as following:firstly, the general objective of the higher education is to cultivate moral, intellectual, physical, and all-round developing builders and successors for the socialist modernization drive, because our country has not established a system, complete and scientific system of aesthetic education, compared with the three aspects of morality, intelligence and physique education, especially on the aesthetic education resource configuration, no matter from curriculum system, staffed, teaching conditions, or from ideological understanding, education concept, goal orientation and evaluation standard are seriously deficient. The allocation of resources and teaching target are not matched, inevitably leading to the decrease of the effect and efficiency of education. Secondly, the ordinary universities’music education curriculum system is lack of research and planning, neither the target design, specification, nor the structure, still in the phase of chaotic, letting off. Compared to other fields and subjects’ teaching management and curriculum system construction, the music education’s curriculum system is lack of the teaching goal and planning for structure, in the investigation of several schools all existing this problem by the author. Good and efficient teaching must be based on full understanding of the students’ demand and deep understanding for the country’s educational target. Currently, most ordinary universities do not relate the teaching process of the art education (including music education) to the goals for students’ training and needs, making active teaching design for music education curriculum system. Thirdly, the needs of contemporary college students for music education have significant changed, more and more college students want to learn more knowledge of music theory and knowledge, but the current music curriculum system is difficult to meet the demand of multi-level and diversified education, which is the main reason leading to why ordinary university music education having an getting low efficiency.(5) This paper proposed to establish a scientific, normative, and multi-layered music education curriculum system to meet the different needs of the students, to meet the different music educational needs of the students. Based on the questionnaire survey and the interview of ten universities, then combined with the particularity and complexity of music education efficiency, this paper presents the structure of architecture curriculum system with three levels in college art education. Music education in the face in terms of the audience groups in universities (students) can be divided into three categories. The first kind of students is the general students, although they also who like music, but they know that music is only just as their hobbies. During the university, more important thing is to learn well with their major-related basic courses, professional basic courses and specialized courses, their pursuits of music course is just to fulfill the requirements of the school. The second kind of students have a certain basic music knowledge and skills, or they have deeper research in some aspects of the musical technology and skill, their spending their spare time more spent on music, and they have with a number of partners who also have sharing the similar interests. They often get together or join the student organizations to organize some musical activities. Their pursuits of music curriculum have been developed deep into the technical details of a particular aspect of the music. Therefore, in the course of their freedom to choose the courses, they will give priority to music courses. The third kind of students have has more professional basic music skills than the second kind, there is a part of art students in them, or the backbones in the art troupe of students. Some people accept professional musical training from their childhood, when they go into the universities, they also keep their interests and hobbies, this part of students will put forward specific requirements to accept a higher level of music education, and they think it is very important to realize the university learning goal, and even hope to play their specialties to a higher level in the future of their life. Based on the analysis of the condition of students, the author thinks that the ordinary universities’ music education curriculum system should be designed according to the following three aspects:one is the general course for the students; second is elective courses according to different students personalized needs; three third is profound lessons set up to elite of better music art basis.(6) The rapid development of network technology is provides a new way to improve the efficiency of music education in general colleges and universities for music teaching. Generally, in ordinary non-art university, the serious problems in music education consist of the shortage of high quality teaching resources and lack of time allocation and shortage of teachers, while the network and information technology can integrate global high-quality teaching resources and break the limit of traditional classroom teaching hours to achieve range of teaching and learning. With reference to the MOOC teaching mode and combined with knowledge of the characteristics of music education for improving the music teaching efficiency, the author designed and developed music network teaching cloud platform against the outstanding problems of music education in colleges to meet different and diversified needs of music education of students. With the function of knowledge learning, teachers’ answer, learning and discussing, testing and monitoring curriculum, music Network teaching cloud platform can finish the music teaching in the network.(7) The term concept of "Perception Teaching" was defined, and based on its beliefs which, a mobile music teaching cloud platform has was also been built. There are piano, folk music, vocal music, dancing, string instrument, and audio-visual courses on this cloud platform. Serving as aids for the conduction of "Perception Music Teaching", this platform explores the possibility and feasibility of enhancing the efficiency and innovation of the "Perception Music Teaching" in Chinese universities. |
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