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Ngo Management Process: A Perspective Of Institutional Change

Posted on:2008-01-06Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:Y Y TangFull Text:PDF
GTID:1227360212976734Subject:Regional economic and management
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Being a new matter of matter, Non-governmental Organizations have a rapid development in China and brings a huge influence to the Chinese whole society, but the related investigations are poorly both theoretically and practically. How to recognize and government these new organizations should immediately put into consider. The main object of this paper is to examine the governance problems in the context of transforming China and to deliberate the shift of the stratagem and tactics with regard to the problem. Basing on New Institutional theory, the thesis through describing and analyzing the creature and development of Shanghai Foreign Chamber of Commerce, try to providing a clear perspective of the actually equilibrium development process of NGOs governance and Institutional Transition in china. And consequently, provides available use for reference to Chinese NGOs development.The dissertation is based on two social surveys in 2003 and 2005 with the great help by Shanghai WTO center, Shanghai NGO administration office. In the perspectives of governance transformation, institutional transition process and the interaction among society, market and government, the author analyses the causes and characteristics of the local governance problem in China, examines the NGO governance process to solving this problem, and assesses the main countermeasures adopted in the formal governance institutional from. In conclusion, the author points out the significance of the organizational innovation, as well as its limits.The text part are made up of six chapters, it can be looked as three sections. The first section is composed of Chapter 1 and Chapter 2, as an introduction. Chapter 3,4 and 5 constitutes the second section and also the main body of the paper, concentrating on analyzing the causes and characteristics of the NGO governance process in current China by the case study of Shanghai Chamber of commerce, demonstrates a list of institutional transition process of“equilibrium institution-the differentiation and amalgamation of institution-new institutional equilibrium”that base on the corporation and competition. The last section consists of Chapter 6, focusing on comparing and analyzing the various countermeasures for Chinese NGO governance and the effect of new governance institution comes into being.In Chapter 1, the author puts forward the research subject. First, the author briefly reviews the NGO governance theories, especially the governance of Chamber of Commerce, suggesting that paying attention to NGO is the intrinsic demand of China’s economic transformation and social development. After commenting on the shortage of current related theoretical research, the author argues that empirical researches need to be carried out and the mid-range theories of the institutional transitional theory should be constructed. Then the author introduces the research purpose, questions and Hypotheses, approach or methodology of this thesis. In Chapter 2, after evaluated the researches related to Chamber of Commerce governance theory, the theoretical framework are constructed based on New institutional theory, then the core concepts are introduced and defined, for instance institutional transition, social capital, path independent, etc.In Chapter 3, the author analyzes the causes of Shanghai Foreign Chamber of Commerce in current China, on the one side, with the acceleration of economic transformation, local government are facing more and more serious“institutional crisis”caused by the absence of effective institutional supply, on the other side, Shanghai foreign Chamber of Commerce as a organizational innovation that provides the effective institution. Therefore, the institution demand and supply during the economic transformation let Shanghai Foreign Chamber of Commerce become the new principal part of institutional innovation and economic field autonomy.In chapter 4, the author analyzes the development mechanism of Shanghai Foreign Chamber of Commerce by organization’s social capital on the perspective of amalgamation with old and new institution. The characteristic of“public goods”of Chamber of Commerce decide that these organizations can accelerate social capital from microcosmic, middle and macrocosmic level. Shanghai Foreign Chamber of Commerce use the four fundamental element of trust, criterion, mutual-benefit and network relationship to extend organization predominance, perfect the develop mechanism of Chamber of Commerce.In chapter 5, the author discuss the possibility of new institution comes into being. The governance process of Shanghai Foreign Chamber of Commerce demonstrated the view of New Institutional Theory as follows: no matter the different function by different governance actor as Chamber of Commerce, economic organizational and shanghai local government, all of the actions by these actor are based on the maximize of their own interest income, therefore, the logical of corporation by three parts are the exchanging process of each organizational social capital based on own interest maximize. The results of exchange form a list of formal and informal institutions that can inspirit and restrict participants’action. But, the form of local governance is the process that full of complication, the adverse influence caused by the acceleration phrase of the social transformation is emphasized. In other words, the transitional period from planned economy to market economy results in the failure of the administration system, especially the dual control system induced by the division of inner and foreign NGOs also produces some malfuctions. The author suggests that due to the path dependence of old institution, reconstructure legal framework and changing ideas on Chinese society are the key issues to form the new institution.In Chapter 6, employing the perspective of institutional transition, the author generalizes the development of existing Chinese NGOs into two basic types, one’s development is caused by constraint institutional transition and the other is caused by inductivity institutional transition, and their advantages are confirmed, whereas their limitations are pointed out respectively, especially the ones exposed in the transformation period. Admitting the fact that the NGO governance is of much importance in the task of Chinese transformation and development, the author suggested that the experience of Shanghai Foreign Chamber of Commerce may provide a signification meaning for Chinese NGOs development and governance.From the research, there are four conclusions can be reached as follows:(1) Governance is a newly social operation mechanism under the mode of state-social-market; a newly relationship between political state and civil society and a newly corporation management of public affairs by government and civil society.(2) The development of governance is largely benefits from the provided institutional space due to the macro- social environmental changing. By the view of institutional level, the appearance of Shanghai Foreign Chamber of Commerce is the result of“institutional structure”at the very beginning, on the other word, the Chinese social changing brings on the result of institution transition, therefore, provides a new institutional space for NGOs participant the governance of Chinese public affairs.(3) The modern marketing economy provides an interdependent environment that no institutions can hold enough resources and acknowledges solving all of the problems independently. Therefore, the process of managing public affairs should be the process of mutual benefits corporation among marketing organizations, local government and economic NGOs by exchanging resources, communicate acknowledges, target negotiation as a result of institutional transition under multi- equilibrium. During the process, the chamber of commerce through upstanding interior management and exterior network building, accumulated its social capital, utilized as core organizational value to influence the institutional transition.(4) From the investigation of Shanghai Foreign Chamber of Commerce, the result shows that NGOs as an organizational and institutional innovation in china, their form and development are facing many difficulties due to the old institutional path dependent. There have two main approach may overcome these difficulties, one is by the states force, the other is by the corporation of rational individual association. From the practical experience, the effectiveness of NGOs governance in china should combine these two methods together. But put into account the current social circumstance in china, how to implement these two methods need a long period of effort by all of the governance actors.
Keywords/Search Tags:governance of NGO, Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, institutional transition, social capital, path dependent
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