The Study On Annual Training Stucture Of Our Country’s 20km Excellent Race Walking Athletes

Based on the research of annual training stucture of our country’s 20km excellent race walking athletes using the methods of tracing observation, investigation,image analysis,test,statistics,and literature review,the author has found:1.The training patterns of race walking are the whole framework of race walking training system formed on the relationship between race walking training elements.The training patterns of race walking are made up of training basis and preparation element(basic element),race walking training operation element(key element),race walking training guarantee element(suppporting element).And key element consists of three training elements:importance,key,and helper.2.The sports quality of excellent race walking athletes lies in key element,importance element,and helper element.And key element includes aerobic endurance,aerobic-anaerobic capicity,strength endurance,and anaerobic capicity;importance element includes special flexibility and mevement speed;helper element includes relative strength,general flexibility,mevement speed and special sensitivity.Different training time should be reasonably given to different sports quality training according to their importance degree.3.Effectiveness,economy and standard are the principles and goals of excellent race walking athletes technique training.Race walking technique training should regard strengthening effectiveness as central, promoting economy as secondary,and keeping standard as auxiliary and should be carried out wholly around technique action effectiveness.The technique training key element of excellent race walking athletes can also be divided into three elements key,importance,and helper.The training of effectiveness,economy and standard of race walking technique can be achieved through its relative original training element and conventional training methods. 4.The key training element of excellent race walking athletes includes tests and winning tactics elements,and the former includes following and taking a lead according to actual strength when choosing positions in competition and uniform speed walking when speed changes;the latter includes following and taking a lead according to actual strength when choosing positions in competition and uniform speed walking and variable speed walking when speed changes.The key training element includes tactics consciousness and knowledge.The helper training element includes tactics form,tactics concept and tactics guiding thought. Tactics training should be focused on key training element input.5.The key training element of psychology training patterns of excellent race walking women athletes includes four psychology indexes:tenacity,expecting winning,movement motive and goal definition; the key training element includes five psychology indexes:movement motive,individual orientation,obstinacy,automatic control capacity and identification principle;the helper training element includes one psychology index:resolution.The key training element of men athletes includes five psychology indexes:tenacity,resolution,movement motive, inner motive and goal definition;the key training element includes one psychology index:identification principle;the helper training element includes four psychology indexes:expecting winning,obstinacy,lack of motive automatic control capacity.So time should be reasonably arranged according to the importance degree of each index of psychology training patterns in race walking athletes psychology training.