Research On The Institutional Promoting Mechanism Of Irrigated Agriculture Development

Irrigation agriculture exists and develops by means of artificial irrigation. Because of water shortage and frequent drought disaster in China, irrigation plays extremely important role and has key effect in agriculture development. According to the estimate,75%of grains and90%of economic crops in China are produced by irrigation agriculture, which has made enormous contribution to guarantee nation grain safety and steady development of economic society. However, in recent years, it has showed that there is a great significance to continuously research and develop farmland water conservancy and irrigation agriculture, by exceeding drought and drought loss occurred in North, Northwest and Southwest in China, from aspects of current morals and future cautions.In view of basic principles of new classical economics and new institution economics, this paper has overall investigated the status quo of irrigation agriculture in China, analyzed the influence of property right and organization system to development of irrigation agriculture from3aspects of water right system, property right system of water conservancy facilities, and organization system of irrigation, and accordingly applied development strategies. Main research results are as follows:(1) From the total amount, irrigation agriculture in China presents the trend of steady development; and increases have been made in farmland irrigation area, farmland effective irrigation area, farmland effective actual irrigation area, electric irrigation area, ensured harvest area in both drought and flood, and the amount of irrigation districts over10thousand mu; also, development quality of irrigation agriculture in China is improved continuously, with the key mark that water saving irrigation is expanding constantly as well. Problems existing in development of irrigation agriculture in China are insufficient total amount, huge difference among regions, low efficiency of water resources utilization, and so forth.(2) The state-owned water right is the most basic property right form in China. Under state-owned water right system, it caused extensive water using and serious waste, because that the water resources are generally configured throughout administrative methods. Collective water right is another form in China. Under collective water right system, irrigation water right becomes’quasi public article’with non-excludability and non-competitive in consuming, and the’free ride’behaviors appears easily. Personal water right and ownerless water right are also existed objectively in practice. For better development promoting irrigation agriculture in China, suggestions have been made to reform and improve water right system as follow:advancing the development of water right transaction system, promoting efficiency of water resource configuration; building water right bank system, exploring new forms of water right trading, replenishing water right trading system; using water right contracts, improving personal water right (less water utilizing right) system; enhancing property management of small amount water resources, removing ownerless water right phenomenon; introducing marketing mechanism, regulating the conversion of water right between industry and agriculture.(3) Property right of water conservancy facilities in China is mainly state-owned property right system and collective property right system, therefore, negative externality and’the tragedy of the commons’occur easily during property right performing, simultaneously, efficiency of running property right is decreased because it fails to attract peasant water users participating the property right operation and management. Proposals in this paper are taking some reforms to property right system of water conservancy facilities to improve the better development of irrigation agriculture; transforming from single type to diversity of property right system of water conservancy facilities; releasing the construction right of irrigation water conservancy facilities, and building multiple investigation mechanism; clearly defining property right subject of collective water conservancy facilities, resolving problems on subject lacking of ownership.(4) At present, irrigation organization system in China mainly includes national irrigation, rural collective irrigation, peasant individual irrigation, peasant cooperative irrigation, and irrigation of peasant using water association, and so on. Among these, national irrigation is the dominant form, but it still has the problem of’the last1 kilometer’; collective irrigation is falling behind year after year, although it is needed in production; peasant individual irrigation is flexible, easy, and ubiquitous, but the water resource wastes a lot because of the limitation of individual strengths; peasant cooperative and associated irrigation are coincide with the general development direction, however, they develops slowly slightly. Suggestions in this paper are to apply diverse development mechanism, carry out irrigation with all kinds of organization forms, to promote irrigation agriculture; energetically expanding national irrigation; rebuild old irrigation areas, build new irrigation areas; recover development of collective irrigation; innovate mechanism, incite nation participation; support cooperating irrigation; attract householders to join irrigation management; use subsidy to develop individual irrigation:’peasants combat the drought, governments pay the bill’.