Urban Basic Housing Guarantee System Research

Prominent structural contradiction is the main reason for the phenomena that there are still a large number of families with problems on housing although the data result in more than30square meters housing per capita. According to this matter, academic circles from domestic and abroad, as well as international development situations provide abundant theories and practical materials. Based on all source of information, this article gives us an opinion that China should strengthen top-level design, and establish Chinese Characteristics Basic Urban Low-income Housing System (BULH) with scientific classifications, perfect systems, coordinate polices and powerful organizations.Firstly, classification of the households and housing is the basis of the BULH. Housing especially Low-income housing (LIH) is the typical goods coming from "’demands determine supplies". That is to say, low-income households’demands determine the low-income housing supplies or subsidies from the government. This article considers that Chinese BULH should classify all the households into5groups according to the statistical classification, the low income households (20%). the lower middle income households (20%). the middle income households (20%), the upper middle income (20%) and the highest income (20%) households. Calculating the affordability to the commercial residential buildings of different households in3methods, and the conclusion is that Chinese BULH should cover40%low and low middle income households. According to different income households, the government should ensure7types of residential building:low-cost housing (5%), low-rent housing (15%), the rational rent and fair price housing (20%), common commercial housing (20%), medium and high grade commercial housing (20%), and high grade commercial housing (20%). Therefore, the BULH is based on the correspondence of household and housing and the effective connection of demand and supply.Secondly, the selection of housing security patterns is the core of BULH. The patterns refer to how the government realizes housing security goals, mainly making choice between purchasing or renting, subsidy by the supply side or demand side. On the one hand, Chinese consumption culture aims at purchasing houses, and housing security can not cancel purchasing forms; On the other hand, China is in the process of the urbanization and the low-income households will exist for a long time who have high demand of housing security, it will not benefit for continuous running of housing security system to supply special households with fixed government subsidy. Therefore, China shall conduct housing security forms on renting and selling simultaneously. The research on subsidy by supply side and demand side focused on the comparison of efficiency, indeed, generally the former is lower than the later, but the comparison must be based on the sufficient houses. China, especially large cities, there have no sufficient houses still, the subsidy from demand side can not improve the efficiency but increase house price and pressure on housing security. So China, especially the large cities shall conduct subsidy from supply side, while the two and three-tier cities with sufficient houses shall conduct subsidy by demand side.Thirdly, financial and taxation policies are brace of BULH. Housing security must be faced with problems of capitals, lands, constructions and circulation and etc. which need policy support from related areas. In the planning and constructing respect, the government shall consider the characters of security objects and select the spots conveniently for life and working to construct the low-income housing, better construct the LIH in the commercial housing areas to avoid the isolation of the poor and rich. In the new city, the government shall construct associated facilities such as schools, hospitals, transportation and so on to give full play to the security effectives. In financial respect, China shall improve the policy finance system and the mortgage loan and insurance system, regulate housing cooperative system, and increasing the financing ability of the construction side and the affordability of the households according to the existing problems. In fiscal and taxation, China’s housing security concentrated reflects the mismatching of tax distribution system on financial resource and powers of authority of offices. The local governments have not enough driven force if there isn’t the central government order. China shall improve the system of tax distribution, divide government responsibilities clearly, collect real estate tax, permit municipal delivering bonds, decrease the taxation and expense on LIH, and increase the ability and the initiatives of the local government.In the end. laws and organizations are the important factors of the BULH. Chinese low-income housing system’s effect is not obvious. One of the reasons is that China has not perfect organization and law. This article suggests that China shall establish the Bureau of the BULH and associated institutions at the local to draw up laws for the BULH to ensure the performance of BULH.In addition, the BULH shall face with several relationships, including the relationship of the current policy constrains and existing practices, interests of constructing and selling subjects, the population change and construction, and the market regulation and BULH.