Research Of Food Security Issue Under Emergency

Public crisis of food formed under emergency is one of the food crisis that we facing under modern market economy. Such as extreme weather, natural disasters. Such emergency sustained a certain period of time in the given area or the fixed scale, which form a catastrophic food crisis. Famine happened in humanity history many times, all proves its significant impact on food security.What deciding the public nature of food crisis is the public nature of food security; therefore, public nature is the way that government used to handle the food crisis. In a broad sense, food crisis is food public crisis; those two can be thought as one. In the narrow sense, based on the perspective of this study, food public crisis refer in particular to food issue of public crisis caused by emergency. In this study, food public crisis refer in particular to food insecurity crisis caused by emergency. Traditional food crisis is the shortage crisis caused by lack of food supply. What we are facing today is, for the special reasons in a certain area, the given people must confront the crisis that they cannot get enough food because of food supply disruption or market distortions. Due to the public nature of food crisis, it can be relegate to social public crisis. As new branch of science, crisis management lay particular stress on rescue of human life and restoration of social order, but for the crucial food security issue is rarely mentioned. Food public crisis formed by emergency is due to the unexpected or occasional event, instead of balance itself that between demand and supply. Recently years, the fact happened frequently as follows, the extraordinarily serious natural calamities, such as Wenchuan earthquake on may12th2008, Haiti earthquake in January2010, and Japan earthquake on march11th2011; Serious epidemic situation, such as epidemic of SARS spread in2003, swine flu in Mexico in April2009; Social events, such as the loss of food stocks, the accidents of food transport, sales promotion or rise in price by market operators, etc. all those sudden events lead people owning the expectation of food shortage and price increasing, that could bring about the deficiency of food supply in short-term, or the unstable crisis of food market.Firstly, based on the case, the concept and other related theory of food public crisis is introduced in this part.Concluded on the experience of food supply, market operation, market subject behavior, and the case study of government emergency management as their base, reviewed the achievement in economic research both overseas and domestic related in food security, food famine, disaster economics, public crisis management, and supply chain management, explained how food public event evolving to food public crisis by emergency, summed up the characteristics of food public crisis such as the complexity of precipitating factors, the universality of effect range, the linkage of attack, and the emergency-reaction of control, generated scale effect and chain effect to the economy and society, we define the food public events and food public crisis, food public crisis, food security and food crisis, summarize their difference and connection, emphasize that the food public crisis is a untraditional food security issue under the market economy. Therefore, theoretical framework system of the management of food public crisis is made up by combining with the change of food supply and demand under emergency, the behavior alteration of consumers, operators and government, and the theories related to the disposition of public crisis, such as economy, management, politics, sociology, psychology. This system includes:(1) food public crisis and food security theory;(2) excess demand theory under emergency;(3) qualitative classification of crisis management of food public and the management theory of arrangement of right;(4) consumer behavior theory of food public crisis;(5) operator behavior theory of food public crisis;(6) the management theory of supply and demand in government food public crisis;(7) corporate social responsibility, main channel of food, and management theory of food public crisis;(8) market structure of food and management theory of food public crisis, etc. Secondly, Based on the economical classification analysis of food public crisis, the study is discoursed to systematize the cause and influencing factor that generated by different main market players in food public crisis.Economical classification of food public crisis is raised in this part. In the first, according to contradiction between supply and demand of food, it can be divided into three main areas as follows.(1) Supply suppression. System or channels of food supply and demand shrink for the crash of emergency, which bring about substantial reduction of food supply, or the sudden disappearance of food market.(2) Demand inflation. To avoid risk, lots consumers change their consuming habit of food when they expect food prices rise or food shortage in one period of time. They panic buy food at one-time which can be used in1-3months, that’s formed the trend of food public crisis.(3) The mixture of supply suppression and demand inflation. This type, natural disasters happens continuously, and structure of trade economy twist. The extreme example is the period of intense social unrest. In the Second, as the nature of food demand under emergency, it can be divided into two kinds. A significant common ground appeared in series of food emergencies is relation between supply and demand of food shows the characteristics of excess demand. That means the nature of food demand registered as significant excess demand. One kind is the relative excess demand. When supply is insufficient or interrupted, relative to what we need for health, nutrition and quantity, food cannot be enough for our normal life. The insufficient part can be called relative excess demand. The other one is absolute excess demand. The need of psychological panic or risk prevention, consumers could hoard a certain food for the foreseeable future. This way, the demand is out of the scope of normal market that under the equilibrium state.The cause and generation mechanism of food public crisis is analyzed. Some unexpected factors are the primacord of food public crisis, and the reason why these causal factors can lead the food public crisis is introduced as below. Macro-background is the tight balance of Macro Situation between supply and demand of food. Micro-foundation is the behavior of producers, operators and consumers against market. Food public crisis, which is occasioned by emergency, formed by social psychological expectation, broke out by the fluctuation and rupture of food chain. The evolution process of psychology of emergency couples the Butterfly Effect. Tiny specific sudden incidents just like the quiver of butterflies’wings which could influence the system of food security by disrupting purchasing psychology. Sudden disastrous events, which destroy the supply chain of food directly, and impact the working order of food security system. During the dissemination, the information distorted to crisis, and butterfly effect evolved into crisis.ETRM theory and model in management of food public crisis is built. Food security, especially research on the issues of hunger and famine, experience the traditional theory of supply shortage (FAD theory) to the theory of right failure and rule in modern time. According to type of different food excess demand distorted by food demand under emergency, the research which can be called DTRM of food public crisis management, that can arrange different right of consumers, and manage crisis by different political measures. Management of relative excess demand of food can be solved as public goods supply, and management of absolute excess demand of food can correct market distortion or failure. It can prevent the food public crisis which characteristics as overprinting of supply suppression and demand expansion, alternating the relative and absolute excess demand, and coexistence of panic buying and famine.Thirdly, based on the survey data, the paper is studied of the relationship between behavior characteristic of different main market players and food public crisis, and put forward strategies on crisis management.First are the operators’behaviors are considered. The main concerns are the impact that the hoarding and cornering policy taken by the grain operators in response to fluctuation of grain market has on food security and the countermeasures. The argument is endless about the hoarding and cornering policy, which is considered as the behavior that violated the social morality and law. From ancient to modern, governments take variety of measures to maintain the stability of food market and food security. How did the hoarding and cornering policy influence the food security? And how could government control it effectively in the market economy? by reviewed on economic thought and economic theory that produced by hoarding and cornering policy, combined realization of modern food market, investigated more than800food operators of Sichuan in2009, pointed against necessary stock system that established by Chinese government as food legal regulation, this paper is took empirical study between the validity of food security and its influencing factor on anti-policy of hoarding and cornering, and raised the reasonable countermeasure.In addition, consumers’behaviors. Panic buying of food is appeared in food public crisis caused by emergency. Any responsible government must take food security policy that can maintain stability of society and economy. By summarized the characteristics of panic buying of food that happened many times before in China, analyzed the questionnaire investigated by1000consumers of21cities in Sichuan, investigated the individual consumer behavior to show the reason that caused the willing of panic buying through analyzed of economy theory and empirical test of econometrics, this paper is analyzes the individual characteristics, family socio-economic factors, judgment of food security and the influence of behavior performance of purchasing decision-maker as consumers on the willing of food panic buying, and made the conclusion as follow. Some factors have a significant impact on purchases, such as Age of consumers, income level of household, amount of food purchases. And some like sex of consumers, marriage, education, family structure, educational background, family structure, job occupation, situation of food security, purchase venue have not impact purchases so much.Forthly, from the perspective of industrial organization form and government regulation, based on the experience of food market reform in china and the analysis of related data, what are the institutional factors is explored in this section on the consider of stability of food market.At the beginning, it discusses how the market structure impacts the food security. Through the use of the market structure form of contemporary western main stream, market stability of food can not be achieved. Empirical study proved the result which mentioned above by market structure after market-oriented reform and the stability of food market. Based on the study of relationship between evolution and stability of food market structure, the conclusion can be drew as, instead of market structure with monopoly and overcompetion, the best for the market stability is free competition with certain degree of government regulation. Thus, the normal form of "pure competition plus main channel" can protect target market of food security of China. And criterion and index system of normal form of market structure is raised for the good at the target of food security.In addition, the management of main channel, social responsibility of enterprise, and the food public crisis. from traditional view, main channel can be equal to state-owned sector. Is it necessary for the existence of main channel to play its role? Whether the main channel must be undertook by the state sector. Take oil products market faced directly to consumers and grain market faced directly to grain producer as object Since2004, the endophytism of the existence of main channel is explored, and main channel of market is reconstructed according to theory innovation and requirement of the market economy. At the same time, it may establish a quantity-oriented competitive mode, in which the mixed oligopoly of state-owned enterprises and private enterprises act simultaneously, to probe the best policy to determine the market share of major state-owned grain channels so as to improve the state grain macro-control mode, enhance the efficiency of the policy and market performance, maintain a stable grain market and realize the target of managing the public food crisis.Fifthly, based on the behavior research of producers, operators and consumers, the strategies of prevention and management of food public crisis are raised though the case study of Wenchuan earthquake and the hype of green beans.It is very weak on the study about the relevant theories and policy issues of food public crisis in china. And grassroot-level government often ignores the management of food public crisis. Therefore, it is imperative that we should establish the awareness of food crisis management, and improve the management system of food emergency. Meanwhile, the relevant laws and regulations must be completed, and a complete set of measures must be established. In addition, government should improve its handling ability to food public crisis, transfer consciousness of crisis, sense of responsibility, and consciousness of public, safeguard food security under emergency.